92 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



is closer to L. martagon album. In the polariscopic, 

 selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions the relationships 

 are closer to L. maculatum. Here and there are data of 

 development of the hybrid beyond parental extremes, as 

 in the degree of irregularity of the grains, the appear- 

 ance of secondary lamellae, fissuration of and the cavi- 

 ties in the hilum, and in the bending and bisection of the 

 lines of the polariscopic figure. In the qualitative reac- 

 tions with the chemical reagents the resemblances are in 

 the chloral-hydrate reactions closer to L. martagon 

 album; but in those with chromic acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, cobalt nitrate, and cupric chloride they are 

 closer, on the whole, to those of L. maculatum. In 

 some of these reactions the greater influence of one or 

 the other parent is quite conspicuous. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Keactions. 

 Polarization: 



L. martagon album, low to high, value 65. 



L. maculatum, low to high, much lower than in L. martagon album, 

 value 50. 



L. marhan, low to high, the same as in L. maculatum, value 50. 

 Iodine: 



L. martagon album, moderate, value 65. 



L. maculatum, moderate, less than in L. martagon album, value 55. 



L. marhan, moderate, intermediate between the parents, value 58. 

 Gentian violet: 



L. martagon album, moderate, value 55. 



L. maculatum, moderate, less than in L. martagon album, value 45. 



L. marhan, moderate, less than in either parent, value 43. 

 Safrauin: 



L. martagon album, moderate, value 50. 



L. maculatum, moderate, less than in L. martagon album, value 45. 



L. marhan, moderate, less than in cither parent, value 43. 

 Temperature : 



L. martagon album, in majority at 59 to 61, in all at 62 to 64 , 

 mean 63. 



L. maculatum, in majority at 57 to 58, in all at 60 to 62, mean 61. 



L. marhan, in majority at 56 to 58, in all at 59 to 60, mean 59.5. 



The reactivity of L. martagon album is higher than 

 that of the other parent in the reactions with polariza- 

 tion, iodine, gentian violet, and safranin; and lower 

 in that with temperature. The reactivity of the hybrid 

 is the same or practically the same as that of L. macu- 

 latum in the polarization reaction ; intermediate between 

 those of the parents in the iodine reaction; lowest of 

 the three in those with gentian violet and safranin ; and 

 the highest of the three in that with temperature. The 

 reactions of the hybrid are closer throughout all five 

 reactions to those of L. maculatum than to those of the 

 other parent. 



Table A 25 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (seconds and minutes). 



VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Lilium martagon album, L. maculatum, 

 and L. marhan, showing the quantitative differences in 

 the behavior toward different reagents at definite time- 

 intervals. (Charts D 347 to D 353.) 



These starches are generally so sensitive to the reag- 

 ents used that only five of the reactions give satisfactory 

 data for the construction of charts. In many of the 

 reactions, notwithstanding the speed of gelatinization, 

 more or less marked differences are recorded, yet little 

 reliance should be placed on the figures unless they are 

 confirmed by repeated experiment. In some instances 

 the reactions of all three starches during the first min- 

 ute are practically or absolutely alike, as in those with 

 nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- 

 sium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sul- 

 phide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide. In 

 others there are such differences as to suggest that 



