LILIUM. 



93 



with reagents of suitable concentration there would 

 be shown marked differentiation. Attention has been 

 directed to greater resemblance generally of the 

 hybrid to L. maculatum than to the other parent 

 in histologic and certain qualitative peculiarities, and 

 also in the reaction-intensities expressed by light, color, 

 and temperature reactions, and it is of interest in this 

 connection to note that in the reactions with calcium 

 nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, 

 cupric chloride, and barium chloride the figures show 

 very definitely the same parental relationship, while in 

 that with strontium nitrate the hybrid figure approxi- 

 mates mid-intermediateness, and in that with mercuric 

 chloride a reactivity higher than in either parent. In 

 the remaining reactions, all of which being less rapid, 

 with chloral hydrate the reaction of the hybrid is prac- 

 tically mid-intermediate; with chromic acid and pyro- 

 gallic acid the reactions are closer to L. maculatum; and 

 with sodium salicylate the reaction is at the end of 3 

 minutes distinctly lower than those of the parents and 

 at 5 minutes mid-intermediate. Referring to the charts, 

 it will be seen that in all five reactions the curve of L. 

 marl ay on album is the lowest of the three; that the 

 hybrid curve is practically the same as the curve of L. 

 maculatum in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, and barium chloride; that the hybrid curve is 

 intermediate in the chloral-hydrate reaction, but on the 

 whole closer to L. maculatum; and that the hybrid curve 

 is lower at first than that of either parent, and then inter- 

 mediate, in the sodium salicylate reaction. 



REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of tl it- 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and 

 deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 25 and 

 Charts D 347 to D 353.) 



The reactivity of the hybrid is the same as that of the 

 seed parent in none of the reactions; the same as those 

 of the pollen parent in the reactions with polarization, 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, copper nitrate, and cupric 

 chloride; the same as those of both parents with nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, 

 potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sul- 

 phide, in all of which the reactions occur too rapidly 

 for differentiation ; intermediate with iodine, chloral 

 hydrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate, and barium chloride (in four being closer to the 

 seed parent, and in four closer to the pollen parent) ; 

 highest with mercuric chloride, and as near one as the 

 other parent; and lowest with gentian violet, safranin, 

 temperature, sodium salicylate, and calcium nitrate (in 

 three being closer to the pollen parent and in two closer 

 to the seed parent) . 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties : Same as seed parent, ; same as pollen parent, 5 ; 

 same as both parents, 9 ; intermediate, 6 ; highest, 1 ; 

 lowest, 5. 



The pollen parent has obviously exercised a much 

 more potent influence than the other parent on the proper- 

 ties of the starch of the hybrid. The most conspicuous 

 features of these reactions, apart from the many instances 

 of sameness to both parents, are sameness to the pollen 

 parent, intermediateness, and lowest reactivities. 



COMPOSITE CURVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Lilium martagon album, L. maculatum, and 

 L. mar/ittn. (Chart E 25.) 



The most conspicuous features of this chart are: 



(1) The close correspondence of all three curves 

 throughout, the curves keeping close together excepting 

 in the barium-chloride reaction. In most of the charts 

 there is either little or no differentiation of the three 

 starches, as in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, so- 

 dium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide. In all other 

 reactions the curves of the hybrid and L. maculatum run 

 very closely together, excepting in the reactions with 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, in which the curves of the hybrid 

 and L. martagon album are the same and below that 

 of the other parent ; in the cobalt-nitrate reaction, where 

 the curve is intermediate, and in that of mercuric 

 chloride, in which the curves of the parents are the same 

 and the curve of the hybrid distinctly higher. 



(2) In L. martagon album in comparison with the 

 other parent the higher reactions with polarization, 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin; the lower reactions with 

 temperature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, and barium chloride; and the same or practically 

 the same reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- 

 tassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hy- 

 droxide, sodium sulphide, and mercuric chloride. 



(3) In L. martagon album, the very high reactions 

 with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphiHe, so- 

 dium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, cal- 

 cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt 

 nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride; the high reactions with polarization, iodine, 

 chloral hydrate, and barium chloride ; the moderate reac- 

 tions with gentian violet, safranin, and temperature. 



(4) In L, maculatum, the very high reactions with 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- 

 ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potas- 

 sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, so- 

 dium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, stron- 

 tium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the 

 high reactions with temperature ; and the moderate reac- 

 tions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and 

 safranin. 



(5) In the hybrid, the very high reactions with 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- 

 ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potas- 

 sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the 

 high reaction with temperature ; the moderate reactions 

 with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and safranin. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: 



