96 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



27. COMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF LILIUM 

 TENUIFOLIUM, L. MARTAGON ALBUM, AND L. 

 GOLDEN GLEAM. 



In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, 

 and qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents all 

 three starches exhibit properties in common in various 

 degrees of development, the sum of which in each case 

 is characteristic. The starch of Lilium mariagon album 

 in comparison with that of L. tenuifolium contains very 

 few compound grains and aggregates ; there is less irreg- 

 ularity and variety in the forms, and the protuber- 

 ances are less rounded ; and a less number of grains are 

 flattened. The hilum is not so distinct; less often 

 occupied by a cavity; somewhat more fissured; and 

 less eccentric. The lamellffi have the same characteristics 

 and arrangement as in the other parent, but they are less 

 numerous. The size is somewhat larger. In the polari- 

 scopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions various 

 differences are noted. In the qualitative reactions with 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, potassium hydroxide, co- 

 balt nitrate, and cupric chloride the differences are 

 sufficient for easy differentiation. The starch of the 

 hybrid shows in comparison with the starches of the 

 parents fewer compound grains than in either parent, 

 and there is an absence of aggregates ; and the grains 

 are more irregular than in either parent. The hilum is 

 as distinct as in L. tenuifolium and more distinct than 

 in the other parent; and it is fissured more often and 

 the eccentricity is less than in either parent. The 

 lamella? are less distinct and less fine than in either 

 parent. The size is about the same as in L. tenuifolium 

 and slightly less than in the other parent. In the 

 polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions 

 there are leanings to one or the other parent, but the 

 relationship is on the whole closer to L. tenuifolium. In 

 the qualitative chemical reactions certain reactions lean 

 to one parent and certain others to the other parent, but 

 with chloral hydrate the relationship is closer to L. mar- 

 tagon album, and in those with chromic acid, potassium 

 hydroxide, cobalt nitrate, and cupric chloride closer to 

 L. tenuifolium. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



L. tenuifolium, low to high, value 50. 



L. martagon album, low to high, much higher than in L. tenui- 

 folium, value 65. 



L. golden gleam, low to high, lower than in either parent, value 45. 

 Iodine: 



L. tenuifolium, moderate, value 55. 



L. martagon album, moderate, much higher than in L. tenuifolium, 



value 65. 



L. golden gleam, moderate, less than in either parent, value 50. 

 Gentian violet: 



L. tenuifolium, moderate, value 60. 



L. martagon album, moderate, less than in L. tenuifolium, value 55. 

 L. golden gleam, moderate, less than in either parent, value 50. 

 Saf ranin : 



L. tenuifolium, moderate, value 55. 



L. martagon album, moderate, less than in L. tenuifolium, value 50. 

 L. golden gleam, moderate, less than in either parent, value 48. 

 Temperature : 



L. tenuifolium, in majority at 52 to 53, in all at 55.6 to 56, mean 



55.8. 

 L. martagon album, in majority at 59 to 61, in all at 62 to 64", 



mean 63. 



L. golden gleam, in majority at 53 to 54.4", in all at 57 to 58.7, 

 mean 67.8. 



