LILIUM. 



97 



The reactivity of L. tenuifolium is lower than that 

 of the other parent in the polarization and iodine reac- 

 tions; and higher in the gentian violet, safranin, and 

 temperature reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid 

 is the lowest of the three in the reactions with polariza- 

 tion, iodine, gentian violet, and safranin; and inter- 

 mediate with temperature. In the polarization, iodine, 

 and temperature reactions the hybrid is closer to L. 

 tenuifolium, and in those with gentian violet, safranin, 

 and temperature closer to L. martagon album. 



Table A 27 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (sec- 

 onds and minutes). 



VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves 

 of the starches of Lilium tenuifolium, L. martagon 

 album, and L. golden gleam, showing the quantitative 

 differences in the behavior toward different reagents at 

 definite time-intervals. (Charts D 361 to D 366.) 



These starches generally react so rapidly with the 

 various reagents that there are few instances where the 

 data are of value in presentation in the form of charts. 

 In the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hy- 

 drochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphoeyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 hydroxide, and sodium sulphide complete or nearly com- 

 plete gelatinization occurs of all three starches within 

 15 to 30 seconds. In other reactions, notwithstanding 

 the rapidity, more or less differentiation is evident, as 

 with calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride, in which gelatinization is almost if not 

 wholly completed in 3 minutes. Differences in these 

 cases are quite noticeable at the end of 1 minute, L. 

 tenuifolium, has a lower reactivity than the other parent 

 in the calcium-nitrate and cnpric-chloride reactions, 'and 

 a higher reactivity in the others, and the hybrid shows 

 reactivities as high or higher than either parent. Not 

 much importance is to be attached to these figures, al- 

 though they are very suggestive, owing to the difficulties 

 of obtaining accurate records. Referring to the charts, 

 it will be noted that all three curves in each chart tend to 

 closeness ; that the hybrid curve is almost exactly the 

 same as the curve of L. martagon album in the chloral- 

 hydrate reaction, hut like that of the other parent in the 

 chromic-acid and pyrogallic-acid reactions; that the 

 parental curves are practically exactly the same in the 

 sodium-salicylate reaction, but the hybrid curve defi- 

 nitely higher; that the hybrid curves are the highest 

 in three out of the four reactions, namely, in those of 

 chromic acid, sodium salicylate, and barium chloride : 

 and that the parental curves differ somewhat in their 

 relative positions, the curve of L. tenuifolium being 

 higher than that of the other parent in the reactions with 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, and barium chloride, but 

 the same in the reactions with sodium salicylate. 



REACTION-INTENSITIES or THE HYBRID. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and 

 deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 27 and 

 Charts D 361 to D 366.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those 

 of the seed parent inl the reactions with chromic acid, 

 pvrogallic acid, potassium sulphocvanate, and mercuric 

 chloride : the same as those of the pollen parent with 

 chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, 

 and sodium sulphide ; the same as those of both pnrents 

 with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- 

 sium hydroxide, and potassium iodide, in all of which 

 7 



the reactions occur too rapidly for differentiation ; inter- 

 mediate with temperature and strontium nitrate, in both 

 of which the reactions are closer to those of the seed 

 parent; highest with sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, 

 uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, and barium chloride (in four being closer to 

 the reactions of the seed parent, in two to those of the 

 pollen parent, and in one as close to one as to the other 

 parent) ; and lowest with polarization, iodine, gentian 

 violet, and safranin (in two nearer the seed parent, and 

 in two nearer the pollen parent). 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties: Same as seed parent, 4; same as pollen parent, 4; 

 same as both parents, 5; intermediate, 2; highest, 7; 

 lowest, 4. 



These data indicate that the seed parent had a more 

 marked influence than the pollen parent in determining 

 the properties of the hybrid. The tendency to highest 

 or lowest reactivity of the hybrid is quite marked, this 

 being evident in nearly half of the reactions. 



COMPOSITE CURVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Lilium tenuifolium, L. martagon album,, and 

 L. golden gleam. ( Chart E 26.) 



The most conspicuous features of this chart are: 



(1) The closeness of all three curves, the only point 

 of important departure being in the barium-chloride 

 reaction, in which there is a marked drop of the curve 

 of L. martagon album from the curves of the other 

 parent and the hybrid. Throughout a large part of the 

 chart there is little or absolutely no differentiation of the 

 curves, as in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocvanate, potassium sulphide, so- 

 dium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mer- 

 curic chloride. In the remaining 9 reactions the parental 

 curves are well separated, and the hybrid curve tends 

 usually to be close to or identical with that of L. tenui- 

 folium rather than with that of the other parent. 



(2) In L. tenuifolium, in comparison with the other 

 parent, the lower reactions with polarization and iodine ; 

 the higher reactions with gentian violet, safranin, tem- 

 perature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, 

 cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride ; and the same or 

 practically the same reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocvanate, potassium sulphide, so- 

 dium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, cal- 

 cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(3) In L. tenuifolium the very high reactions with 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphoeyanate, po- 

 tassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride ; the high reactions with 

 gentian violet, temperature, and barium chloride ; and 

 the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, and 

 safranin. 



(4) In L. martagon album, the very high reactions 

 with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric 

 acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphoeyanate, potassium sulphide, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, 

 uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cop- 



