100 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



(2) In L. clialcedonicum in comparison with that of 

 the other parent, the lower reactions with polarization, 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature; the 

 higher reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyro- 

 gallic acid, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, and barium 

 chloride ; and the same or practically the same with nitric 

 acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- 

 ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potas- 

 sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, 

 strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and mercuric chloride. 



(3) In L. chalcedonicum the very high reactions with 

 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium io- 

 dide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, 

 sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride ; the high reactions with 

 polarization, gentian violet, safranin, and chloral hy- 

 drate; and the moderate reactions with iodine and 

 temperature. 



(4) In L. candidum the very high reactions with 

 gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, nitric acid, sul- 

 phuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, 

 potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium 

 sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium 

 salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium 

 nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride ; the high reactions with polariza- 

 tion, iodine, temperature, and barium chloride ; and the 

 moderate reactions with chloral hydrate and pyrogallic 

 acid. 



(5) In the hybrid, the very high reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hy- 

 drochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium 

 nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride ; the high reactions with polarization and barium 

 chloride ; and the moderate reactions with iodine, tem- 

 perature, and pyrogallic acid. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities : 



29. COMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF LILIUM 



PARDALINTJM, L. PARRYI, AND L. BURBANKI. 

 In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, 

 and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reag- 

 ents all three starches exhibit properties in common in 

 varying degrees of development, the sum of which in each 

 case being characteristic of the starch. The starch of 

 L. parryi in comparison with that of L. pardalinum con- 

 tains less numbers of compound grains and aggregates, 

 and the grains are less irregular. The hilum is slightly 

 less eccentric. The lamellae are less distinct, and less 

 numerous, and there is an absence of a broad refractive 

 lamella that is found in L. pardalinum. The sizes 

 of the corresponding forms of the grains are distinctly 

 less. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine 

 reactions there are some apparently minor differences. 

 In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic 



acid, potassium hydroxide, cobalt nitrate, and cupric 

 chloride various differences are recorded which seem to 

 be of minor importance. The starch of the hybrid in 

 comparison with the starches of the parents shows an 

 absence of compound grains that are found in both 

 parents ; and the grains are more regular in form than 

 in either parent. The hilum is less distinct, less often 

 fissured, and less eccentric than in either parent. The 

 lamella? are in general characters like those of the parents, 

 but they are less numerous. The sizes of the correspond- 

 ing forms of grains are about mid-intermediate between 

 those of the parents. In the polariscopic and selenite 

 reactions the relationship of the hybrid is closer to 

 L. parryi, but in the qualitative reactions closer to L. 

 pardalinum. In the qualitative reactions with the 

 chemical reagents in the reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 chromic acid, potassium hydroxide, cobalt nitrate, and 

 cupric chloride the relationship of the hybrid is closer 

 to L. pardalium, but there are many instances of close- 

 ness to the peculiarities of L. parryi, especially in the 

 chloral-hydrate and chromic-acid reactions. The in- 

 fluences of L. parryi are quite obvious, although, as a 

 whole, superseded by those of the other parent. 



Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 



ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



L. pardalinum, low to high, value 55. 



L. parryi, low to high, lower than in L. pardalinum, value 60. 

 L. burbanki, low to high, the same as in L. parryi, value 50. 

 Iodine : 



L. pardalinum, light to moderate, value 40. 



L. parryi, moderate, much higher than in L. pardalinum, value 55. 



L. burbanki, light to moderate, the same as in L. pardalinum, 



value 40. 

 Gentian violet: 



L. pardalinum, moderate to deep, value 65. 



L. parryi, light to moderate, very much less than in L. pardalinum, 



value 40. 



L. burbanki, moderate, more than in L. parryi, value 45. 

 Safranin: 



L. pardalinum, moderate to deep, value G5. 



L. parryi, light to moderate, very much less than in L. pardalinum, 



value 35. 



L. burbanki, light to moderate, more than in L. parryi, value 40. 

 Temperature: 



L. pardalinum, in majority at 58 to 60.5, in all at 61 to 63, 



mean 62. 



L. parryi, in majority at 47 to 48.5", in all at 51 to 52, mean 51.5. 

 L. burbanki, in majority at 64 to 66, in all at 67 to 68.5, mean 

 67.75. 



The reactivity of L. pardalinum is higher than that 

 of the other parent in the polarization, gentian-violet, 

 and safranin reactions ; and lower in the iodine and tem- 

 perature reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the 

 same or practically the same as that of L. pardalinum 

 in the iodine reaction ; the same or practically the same 

 as that of L. parryi in the polarization reaction ; lowest 

 of the three in the temperature reaction ; and interme- 

 diate in the gentian-violet and safranin reactions. The 

 hybrid in the iodine and temperature reactions is closer 

 to L. pardalinum than to L. parryi, but in the polariza- 

 tion, gentian violet, and safranin reactions closer to the 

 latter parent. 



Table A 29 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (sec- 

 onds and minutes). 



VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Lilium pardalinum, L. parryi, and L. bur- 

 banki, showing the quantitative differences in the be- 

 havior toward different reagents at definite time-inter- 

 vals. ( Charts D 373 to D 378.) 



These starches in common with the other lily starches 

 are generally very sensitive to gelatinizing agents, but 



