98 



STUDY OF A HUMAN SPINA BIGIDA MONSTER WITH 



fifth and sixth, having but one cartilage between them. The first and seventh 

 costal cartilages of the two sides are opposite each other. The arrangement of 

 the other cartilages is such that the third to the fifth on the left side are from 0.5 

 to 1 cm. lower than the corresponding cartilages on the right, yet not quite opposite 

 the succeeding one. A small cartilaginous knob (2 by 5 by 3 mm.) above the man- 

 ubrium is a persistent episternum. The measurements of the sternum are given 



in table 2. 



* 



TABLE 2. Dimensions in centimeters. 



Body lengths: cm. 



Vertex-anus 14 .0 



umbilicus 32 .0 



Lower hair border-anus (length of back) 10.0 



Head: 



Circumference of head 32 .5 



Biparietal diameter 8.5 



Anterior fontanel 2.7 cm. transverse by 2.5 



Posterior fontanel 1.6 cm. " by 1 .7 



Face, vertical length (border of hair to chin). . 9.5 



Clear breadth (from free edges of tragi) 9.2 



Eyes apart 1.8 



Nose across 2.3 



Mouth across 2.0 



Trunk: 



Circumference at umbilicus, passing around the 



back at base of middle sac 33 .0 



Distance across shoulders 12 .0 



Nipples apart 6.4 



Trunk Continued. em. 



Diameter of right nipple 0.9 



left nipple 7 



Sternum, episternum, and zyphoid: 



Length of sternum with episternum and 6.9 



zyphoid sternum alone 6.0 



Width of sternum 1.0 



Thickness of sternum 3 



Length of episternum 3 



Length of zyphoid 9.6 



Extremities : 



Upper arm (circumference of both left and 



right) 9.0 



Lower arm (circumference of both left and 



right) 7.0 



Hand with middle finger 6.0 



Right trochanter heel 20 .9 



Right foot 7.5 



The two scapulae which are shown in figures 18 and 20 arc distorted, as will 

 be seen by comparison with figures 17 and 19, representing normal left and right 

 scapula?. In both the pathological^ bones the supraspinous portions are poorly 

 formed and the inferior vertebral margins are concave. Graves designates a con- 

 cavity of the vetebral margin of the scapula as scapula scaphoidea. He notes that 

 it is of fairly frequent occurrence and claims that it is associated with syphilis in 

 the parents. He gives as his figures, however, no definite rate of occurrence. Here 

 it may be mentioned that the Levaditi stain done on the tissues of this specimen 

 showed no spirochaetes. On the right scapula the vertebral margin passes as 

 a straight line from the medial termination of the spinous process to the incisura 

 next the glenoid process. The vertical diameter of the right scapula measures 

 36 mm. from the tip of the cartilaginous process at the inferior angle to the 

 superior margin near the incisura. Its transverse diameter along the base of 

 the spinous process, near the termination of the latter, to the center of the 

 glenoid fossa is 26 mm. The subscapular angle is 128, the infraspinous angle 

 is 122, and the supraspinous angle is 110. On the left scapula, the verte- 

 bral margin above the spinous process projects at a fairly sharp angle near its 

 middle. The vertical diameter taken from the tip of the inferior angle to the end 

 of the projecting point of the supraspinata is 29 mm. The horizontal diameter 

 of the left scapula, measured similarly as the right, is 36.5 mm. The vertebral 

 margin of the left scapula at the termination of the spinous process is elongated by 

 a bony and cartilaginous knob, which is attached to a curved rod of bone 10 mm. 



