EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 

 ABBREVIATIONS. 



anth., 

 antitr., 



b. occ., 



c. i., 



c. c. 7, 

 c. eq., 

 cer., 

 cereb., 

 cr. 2, 

 cr. 5, 

 dep. em., 



cpist., 



oust, t., 



exos., 



falx., 



fl. IV, 



for. mag., 



1.1, 



1.2, 



1. 1 rib, 



1. en., 



1. pars lat., 



mid. en., 



m. lat. dors., 



tn. lev. scap., 



ant helix. 



antitragus. 



basioccipitales. 



first coccygeal segment. 



costal cartilage of seventh rib. 



cauda equina. 



cerebrum. 



cerebellum. 



second cranial nerve. 



fifth cranial nerve. 



depression made by eminentia arcuata 



of temporal bone, 

 episternum. 

 eustachian-tube orifice, 

 exostosis. 

 falx cerebri. 



floor of fourth ventricle, 

 foramen magnum, 

 first lumbar segment, 

 second lumbar segment 

 left first rib. 

 left encephalocele. 

 left pars lateralis. 

 middle encephalocele. 

 m. latissimus dorsi (origin), 

 m. levator scapulae (cross-section, fig. 



17, insertion fig. 14). 



m. obi. ext., 

 m. pect. maj., 

 m. pect. min., 

 m. quad, lumb., 

 m. rect., 

 m. rhomb., 

 m. sacrospin, 

 m. ser. ant., 

 m. ser. post. inf. 

 naev., 

 r. 1 (rib), 

 r. hyp., 

 rt. en., 

 s.l, 

 sp. 1, 

 sq. occ., 



St., 



tr., 

 uv., 

 v., 



v. pi., 

 w., 



X., 



xyph., 

 iii., 



m.obliquus ext ernusabdominis (origin). 



m. peetoralis major (origin). 



m. peetoralis minor (origin). 



m. quadratus lumborum. 



m. rectus abdominis (origin). 



m. rhomboideus (insertion). 



m. sacrospinalis (insertion). 



m. seratus anterior (insertion). 



m. seratus posterior inferior. 



naevus. 



right first rib. 



right hypoglossal canal. 



right encephalocele. 



first sacral segment. 



first spinal nerve. 



squama occipitalis. 



sternum. 



tragus. 



uvula. 



vertex. 



vertebral plate. 



central nervous system occupying bony 



vertebral pocket. 



anomalous bone and its insertion, 

 xyphoid. 

 third ventricle, 

 absence of soft palate. 



PLATE 1. 



FIG. 1. Right lateral view of specimen shows extreme dorsal flexion with vertex level with shoulders. Middle and 

 right encephaloceles show in this view. The distorted right ear here seen is drawn in detail in figure 8. ( x J) 



FIG. 2. Superior view of the specimen looks directly at the face. Measurements given in table 1 . Transversely across 

 the forehead at the hair line an artefact puckering extends horizontally for 2 cm. ( x j)- 



3. The dorsal view shows the shortened trunk, superior surface of head, and encephaloceles. ( x J)- 



4. Right lateral surface of subdural cast, showing middle and right encephalocele. (xi)- 



5. Left lateral surface of subdural cast, showing middle and left encephalocele. ( x $) 

 Ventral surface of subdural cast. ( X 3) 



Dorsal view of subdural cast. The falx is seen to be to the left of midline. 



FIG 

 Fio 

 FIG 

 FIG. 6. 

 FIG. 7. 



PLATE 2. 



FIG. 8. Sketch of right ear (natural size), showing the anthelix unusually prominent. The tragus lies relatively 

 lnnhor than normal, over rather than horizontally opposite the antitragus. The whole ear very narrow. 



FIG. 9. Sagittal section. Main outlines were geometrically projected and detail drawn free-hand. The viscera 

 retain approximately their normal position. Absence of the soft palate is shown. The tip of the tongue 

 lies over the left anlage of the split uvula. The vertebral column is bent and shortened and irregularly fused 

 in its upper part. The arches of all the vertebra? are lacking. A fibrous band lies over the upper sacral 

 vertebra, joining the opposing defective arches in that region and forming a short spinal canal. The section 

 passes to the left of the sella turcica. The falx cerebri is seen well over on left side. The outline of the central 

 nervous system, as is here shown, is used reversed for a diagram in figure 24. The section passes near the 

 median margin of the left sac. ( xh)- 



FIG. 9a. Gives left side of bilateral anlage of uvula and orifice of eustachian tube. (Natural size). 



FIG. 10. Shows a dorsal view of the mounted skeleton, with scapulae in place. Varying degrees of gaping ver- 

 tebral arches are shown at different levels of the spinal column. In the cervical and thoracic regions defec- 

 tive vertebral arches are fused together and markedly everted. In the upper lumbar region they are indi- 

 vidually distinct, but still widely everted, while in the lower lumbar and sacral regions they are distinct and 

 bent toward one another. The lumbar transverse processes and the sacral lateral processes are well developed 

 and the coccyx of four segments is seen bent well to the left. In the lower thoracic region a cartilaginous 

 spur projects dorsalwards from the vertebral bodies. All the thoracic and cervical vertebral bodies are 

 fused together in a single plate. A slight lateral bending in this plate is present. The foveal surfaces of the 

 atlas face the reader. The intervertebral foramina show large spaces in the lumbar region, which are a sharp 

 contrast to the tiny areas of the contracted thoracic intervertebral foramina. On the right, the rough 



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