Biographical Sketch 27 



From this varied experience of marine life arose those 

 contributions to the embryology and life histories of non- 

 vertebrates that will long endure as a monument to the 

 industry, keen observation and no little artistic skill of 

 Professor Brooks. His chief observations were made upon 

 the hydromedusae and the mollusca and Crustacea, and 

 notably upon those exceptional kin of the vertebrates, the 

 pelagic tunicates, the salpas. 



Among these contributions to the facts of marine life 

 might be recalled his papers upon gasteropods and lamelli- 

 branchs, beginning in 1875, with a communication to the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science; 

 the papers on Lingula, on the development of the squid, 

 on squilla and the other stomatopods, on lucifer with its 

 exceptional cleavage, on the macrura; and a series of 

 papers upon salpa, culminating in 1893, after a continued 

 interest from the first publication upon this animal in 

 1875, in his great monograph upon salpa, a quarto volume 

 of nearly four hundred pages and fifty-seven plates. From 

 his trips to the Bahamas came also his monograph on the 

 skulls of the Lucayan Indians. 



While some of this work appeared in various journals, 

 in the publications of the Philosophical Society, the 

 National Academy, the Philosophical Transactions, and 

 in the results of the Challenger Expedition, much of his 

 earlier work came first to light in " Studies from the 

 Biological Laboratory;" but later he assumed editorship 

 of the work in his laboratory in a series of well-illustrated 

 quartos published by the university, as "Memoirs from 

 the Biological Laboratory." 



Professor Brooks made some contributions to system- 

 atic zoology, but his work was chiefly embryological and 

 it is well represented by his monograph upon salpa. This 

 i& not merely an account of the embryology and organ- 

 ology of salpa, but creative, philosophical thought upon 

 such problems as the probable origin of salpa, the origin 

 oi the chordates, the origin of pelagic animals, and 



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