VARIETIES OF MANKIND. 453 



as black as those which are exposed. Nor are the varieties of 

 mankind more dependent upon the varieties of food. 



Equinoctial region. We must add that the Indians of the mountains are 

 clothed, and were so long before the conquest, while the Aborigines, who 

 wander over the plains, go quite naked, and are consequently always exposed 

 to the perpendicular rays of the sun. I could never observe that in the same 

 individuals those parts of the body which were covered were less dark than 

 those in contact with a warm and humid air. We every where perceive that 

 the colour of the American depends very little on the local position in which 

 we see him. The Mexicans, as we have already observed, are more swarthy 

 than the Indians of Quito and New Granada, who inhabit a climate completely 

 analogous, and we even see that the tribes dispersed to the north of the Rio 

 Gila are less brown than those in the neighbourhood of the kingdom of Gua- 

 timala. This deep colour continues to the coast nearest to Asia, but under 

 the 54 10' of north latitude, at Cloak Bay, in the midst of copper coloured 

 Indians, with small long eyes, there is a tribe with large eyes, European fea- 

 tures, and skin less dark than that of our peasantry.' Political Essay 071 New 

 Spain, translated. 



The Jews settled in the neighbourhood of Cochin ' arc divided into two classes, 

 called the Jerusalem or white Jews, and the ancient or black Jews.' ' The 

 white Jews look upon the black Jews as an inferior race, and not as a pure 

 cast, which plainly demonstrates that they do not spring from a common 

 stock in India.' Buchanan, Christian Researches in Asia. 219, &c. 



The white appear to have resided there upwards of seventeen hundred years. 



Dr. Shaw and Mr. Bruce describe a race of fair people in the neighbourhood 

 of Mount Aurasius, in Africa, who, ' if not so fair as the English, are of a 

 shade lighter than that of any inhabitants to the southward of Britain. Their 

 hair also was red, and their eyes blue.' They are imagined to be descendants 

 of the Vandals. Bruce, Travels. 



The Samoiedes, Greenlanders, Laplanders, Esquimaux, &c. arc very swarthy ; 

 nay, some of the Greenlanders are said to be as black as Africans. 



' Do we not in fact behold,' says M. de Virey, ' the tawny Hungarian, dwell- 

 ing for ages under the same parallel and in the same country with the whitest 

 nations of Europe ; and the red Peruvian, the brown Malay, the nearly white 

 Abyssinian, in the very zones which the blackest people in the universe inha- 

 bit ? The natives of Van Dienien's land are black, while Europeans of the 

 corresponding northern latitude are white, and the Malabars, in the most 

 burning climate, arc no browner than the Siberians. The Dutch, who have 

 resided more than two centuries at the Cape of Good Hope, have not acquired 



