S60 Class XXI. Order IX. 



PINUS NIGRA. dit. Black or double Spruce. 



Leaves solitary, four cornered, erect, straight ; cones 



ovate, scales elliptical, waved at the edge, erect. Lamb. 



Syn. JluiES NIGRA. Mich. 



The branches of the double Spruce are thickly covered on 

 all sides with short, dark coloured, linear leaves, inserted later- 

 ally and singly. The cones are small, oval, pendulous, compos- 

 ed of thin scales, which are waved and crenate, or partially 

 cleft on the edge. 



o 



This tree is not very common, unless cultivated, in the envi- 

 rons of Boston. At the eastward it is frequent. Its wood is 

 light, strong, and elastic, and much used for the smaller spars of 

 vessels. 



PINUS CANADENSIS. L. Hemlock Spruce. 



Leaves solitary, flat, denticulate, nearly in two rows ; 

 cones ovate, terminal, hardly longer than the leaves. 

 Lamb. 



Syn ABIES CANADENSIS. Mich. 



The Hemlock spruce occurs frequently in woods in the vicinity 

 of Boston. It is a straight tree, remarkable for the horizontal 

 arrangement of its branches and leaves. The leaves are in two 

 rows, close, linear-oblong, obtuse, nearly flat beneath, a little 

 convex above. When examined with a glass, they are found 

 edged with minute teeth. Cones ovate-oblong, very small. 



The wood of the Hemlock is occasionally substituted for Pine, 

 to which it is inferior, in building. The bark possesses the 

 tanning principle in great perfection, and is used in the prepara- 

 tion of leather as a substitute for, or in combination with the 

 bark of the oaks. 



PINUS MICROCARPA. Lamb. Red Larch. Hacmatack. 



Leaves fascicled, deciduous ; cones roundish, few 

 flowered, with inflected scales ; bractes elliptic, ob- 

 tusely acuminate. Lamb. 



Syn. LARIX AMERICANA. Mich. 



The Larch is a fine tree, differing remarkably from the Pines, 

 already mentioned, in its leaves, which fall at the approach of 



