THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY. 277 



has been saved from oblivion. Their distribution of monumental hon- 

 ors was, indeed, in all respects remarkable. To a physician named 

 Jenner, who, by a mode of mitigating the ravages of a horrible disease, 

 was said to have rescued many thousands from death, they erected a 

 memorial statue in one of their chief public places. After some years, 

 however, repenting them of giving to this statue so conspicuous a po- 

 sition, they banished it to a far corner of one of their suburban gar- 

 dens, frequented chiefly by children and nursemaids ; and, in its place, 

 they erected a statue to a great leader of their fighters one Napier, 

 who had helped them to conquer and keep down certain weaker races. 

 The reporter does not tell us whether this last had been instrumental 

 in destroying as many lives as the first had saved ; but he remarks : 

 ' I could not but wonder at this strange substitution among a people 

 who professed a religion of peace.' Not, however, that this was an 

 exceptional act, out of harmony with their usual acts : quite the con- 

 trary. The records show that, to keep up the remembrance of a great 

 victory gained over a neighboring nation, they held for many years an 

 annual banquet, much in the spirit of the commemorative scalp-dances 

 of still more barbarous peoples ; and there was never wanting a priest 

 to ask on the banquet a blessing from one they named the God of 

 love. In some respects, indeed, their code of conduct seemed not to 

 have advanced beyond, but to have gone back from, the code of a still 

 more ancient people from whom their creed was derived. One of the 

 laws of this ancient people was, ' an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a 

 tooth ; 'but sundry laws of the English, especially those concerning acts 

 that interfered with some so-ealled sports of their ruling classes, in- 

 flicted penalties which imply that their principle had become ' a leg 

 for an eye, and an arm for a tooth.' The relations of their creed to the 

 creed of this ancient people are indeed difficult to understand. They 

 had at one time cruelly persecuted this ancient people Jews they 

 were called because that particular modification of the Jewish reli- 

 gion, which they, the English, nominally adopted, was one which the 

 Jews would not adopt. And yet, marvellous to relate, while they tor- 

 tured the Jews for not agreeing with them, they substantially agreed 

 with the Jews. Not only, as above instanced, in the law of retaliation 

 did they outdo the Jews, instead of obeying the quite opposite princi- 

 ple of the teacher they worshipped as divine, but they obeyed the 

 Jewish law, and disobeyed this divine teacher in other ways as in the 

 rigid observance of every seventh day, which he had deliberately dis- 

 countenanced. Though they were angry with those who did not nom- 

 inally believe in Christianity (which was the name of their religion), 

 yet they ridiculed those who really believed in it ; for some few people 

 among them, nicknamed Quakers, who aimed to carry out Christian 

 precepts instead of Jewish precepts, they made butts for their jokes. 

 Nay, more ; their substantial adhesion to the creed they professedly 

 repudiated was clearly demonstrated by this, that in each of their tcm- 



