BR. LIVINGSTONE. 337 



looked at, in England, from different points of view, led to the impres- 

 sion that the pictures on the Zambesi had been too highly colored, and 

 public interest flagged. 



But it was not duly considered, perhaps it was never thoroughly 

 understood, that the jealousy and secret opposition of the Portuguese 

 colonists contributed largely to Livingstone's want of success. It was 

 to their interest to encourage the upper slave-trade with all its demor- 

 alizing influences ; and dispatches from the home government, in favor 

 of the expedition, if ever received, if ever sincerely written, would be 

 of small avail : the distance from Europe was fatal ; and then the col- 

 ony consisted chiefly of political refugees and convicts. Livingstone's 

 aim was to abolish the slave-trade ; and, as long as they felt that, the 

 Portuguese on the Zambesi, themselves prospering, would do all they 

 could to throw moral obstacles in his way. They would simply not 

 cooperate ; the better disposed would sit still with their slaves around 

 them ; the less scrupulous would combine to misrepresent the country, 

 cry down the people, and talk as loudly as possible of the hopelessness 

 of the inland trade. Their slave-drivers all the while might be putting 

 their gangs into the fork-stick shackles ; but get rid of Livingstone 

 and the English, and who would be the wiser ? 



However, things were just beginning to look brighter. A neAV 

 steamer, sent out by Livingstone's friends, for the navigation of the 

 Upper Shire, had been taken to the foot of the Murchison Falls. Sev- 

 eral miles of broken country divide the Upper from the Lower Valley, 

 over which the steamer, built accordingly, was to be carried piecemeal ; 

 a road had been already commenced for the purpose, when Mackenzie's 

 successor arrived firom England, in the middle of June, 1863, bringino- 

 the dispatch from Lord John Pussell, recalling the expedition. This, 

 in connection with other ostensible grounds, induced Bishop Tozer to 

 remove the mission to another sphere of work; and, in the summer of 

 1864, the original members who survived were once more in England, 

 Dr. Livingstone himself following in the autumn. 



And now commences what is likely to prove the most eventful 

 period of this remarkable life. It would seem that the independent 

 spirit which chafed under control at the outset, could find a stimulus 

 only in roaming over its congenial wilds, and must be left to work out 

 its grand problems at its own unfettered will. For in the autumn of 

 1865 Dr. Livingstone is again on his way out to Eastern Africa, unsup- 

 ported by public aid, and entirely alone, crossing first to Bombay. 

 His object was the words are Sir Roderick Murchison's, in 1867 

 " to discover whether there was an outlet to the south from Lake Tan- 

 ganyika, discovered by Bui-ton and Speke, which was a fresh-water 

 lake, and which, but for such an outlet as was supposed, ought to be a 

 saline lake." The Rovuma River, between latitude 10 and 11 S., had 

 previously engaged his attention, and he thought by ascending this to 

 be able to connect it with Lake ISTyassa, in which case, having no 

 tol. n. 22 



