THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS. 



441 



dition from joy ; and nerve-force will be generated in excess, which 

 naturally leads to action of some kind. None of the above move- 

 ments, so clearly expressive of affection, are of the least direct service 

 to the animal. They are explicable, as far as I can see, solely from 

 being in complete opposition or antithesis to the attitude and move- 

 ments which, from intelligible causes, are assumed when a dog intends 

 to fight, and which consequently are expressive of anger. I request 



Fig. 4. 



The same oabbssdjo his Master. (By Mr. A. May.) 



the reader to look at the four accompanying sketches, which have been 

 given in order to recall vividly the appearance of a dog under these 

 two states of mind. It is, however, not a little difficult to represent 

 affection in a dog, while caressing his master and wagging his tail, as 

 the essence of the expression lies in the continuous flexuous move- 

 ments. 



