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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



ears are erect and pointed ; her mouth is closed ; and she rubs against 

 her master with a purr instead of a growl. Let it further be observed 

 how widely different is the whole bearing of an affectionate cat from 

 that of a dog, when, with his body crouching and flexuous, his tail 

 lowered and wagging, and ears depressed, he caresses his master. 

 This contrast in the attitudes and movements of these two carnivo- 

 rous animals, under the same pleased and affectionate frame of mind, 

 can be explained, as it appears to me, solely by their movements 

 standing in complete antithesis to those which are naturally assumed, 

 when these animals feel savage and are prepared either to fight or to 

 seize their prey. 



"In these cases of the dosr and cat, there is everv reason to believe 

 that the gestures both of hostility and affection are innate or inherit- 

 ed; for they are almost identically the same in the different races of 

 the species, and in all the individuals of the same race, both young 

 and old." 



Fig. 7. 



Hen deittjjg away a Dor. from her Chickexs. (Drawn from Life by Mr. Wood.) 



Mr. Darwin has an interesting chapter on the erection of the der- 

 mal appendages as expressive of emotion. He observes : " Hardly 

 any expressive movement is so genei*al as the involuntary erection of 

 the hairs, feathers, and other dermal appendages ; for it is common 

 throughout three of the great vertebrate classes. These appendages 

 are erected under the excitement of anger or terror ; more especially 

 when these emotions are combined, or quickly succeed each other. 

 The action serves to make the animal appear larger and more fright- 



