MONKEYS, 27 



have no cheek-pouches, but always have very long tails. They are 

 true forest monkeys, very active, and of a shy disposition. The most 

 remarkable of these is the long-nosed monkey of Borneo, which is very 

 large, of a pale-brown color, and distinguished by possessing a long, 

 pointed, fleshy nose, totally unlike that of all other monkeys. Another 

 interesting species is the black and white entellus monkey of India, 

 called " Hanuman " by the Hindoos, and considered sacred by them. 

 These animals are petted and fed, and at some of the temples numbers 

 of them come every day for the food which the priests, as well as the 

 people, provide for them. 



The next group of Eastern monkeys are the Macaques, which are 

 more like baboons, and often run upon the ground. They are more 

 bold and vicious than the others. All have cheek-pouches, and though 

 some have long tails, in others the tail is short, or reduced to a mere 

 stump. In some few this stump is so very short that there appears to 

 be no tail, as in the magot of North Africa and Gibraltar, and in an 

 allied species that inhabits Japan. 



American Monkeys. The monkeys which inhabit America form 

 three very distinct groups : 1. The Sapajous, which have prehensile or 

 grasping tails ; 2. The Sagouins, which have ordinary tails, either long 

 or short ; and, 3. The Marmosets, very small creatures, with sharp 

 claws, long tails, which are not prehensile, and a smaller number of 

 . teeth than all other American monkeys. Each of these three groups 

 contains several sub-groups, or genera, which often differ remarkably 

 from each other, and from all the monkeys of the Old World. 



We will begin with the howling monkeys, which are the largest 

 found in America, and are celebrated for the loud voice of the males. 

 Often in the great forests of the Amazon, or Orinoco, a tremendous 

 noise is heard in the night or early morning, as if a great assemblage 

 of wild beasts were all roaring and screaming together. The noise 

 may be heard for miles, and it is louder and more piercing than that of 

 any other animals, yet it is all produced by a single male howler sitting 

 on the branches of some lofty tree. They are enabled to make this 

 extraordinary noise by means of an organ that is possessed by no other 

 animal. The. lower jaw is unusually deep, and this makes room for a 

 hollow bony vessel about the size of a large walnut, situated under the 

 root of the tongue, and having an opening into the windpipe by which 

 the animal can force air into it. This increases the power of its voice, 

 acting something like the hollow case of a violin, and producing those 

 marvelous rolling and reverberating sounds which caused the celebrated 

 traveler Waterton to declare that they were such as might have had 

 their origin in the infernal regions. The howlers are large and stout- 

 bodied monkeys with bearded faces, and very strong and powerfully 

 grasping tails. They inhabit the wildest forests ; they are very shy, 

 and are seldom taken captive, though they are less active than many 

 other American monkeys. 



