188 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



members of his own order. Likewise the head chief creates his own 

 three sub-chieftaincies as well as the second political head-chieftaincy 

 or chief, who in turn names his own three sub-chiefs. We find, then, 

 that the democracy, or republic, of popular tradition, in its reference 

 to the sedentary Indians of New Mexico and Arizona, is, like most 

 other popular traditions regarding these comparatively unknown 

 peoples, erroneous ; that in reality their political fabric is set up and 

 woven by an elaborate priesthood, the only semblance of democracy 

 reposing in the power of the council itself composed of all adults of 

 good standing in the nation to reject a political head chief as thus 

 chosen, while the power of choosing a substitute remains still in the 

 hands of the martial priests, and that of confirming him in the hands 

 of the four priests of the temple. The latter are considered the 

 mouth-pieces of the priest of the sun, just as the two priests of war are 

 considered at once the mouth-pieces and, in martial and political affairs, 

 the commanders of the four priests of the temple ; and, again, the 

 third priest of war, or head war-chief, and the first political chief, 

 brothers to one another, yet differentiated in their functions, are con- 

 sidered to be the mouth-pieces of the two priests of war, the one in 

 times of national disturbance, the other in times of peace. And yet, 

 again, the sub-chiefs of the war-chief, as well as those of the two 

 political head chiefs, are considered the mouth-pieces of their respect- 

 ive superiors. 



Now, the organization of each one of the sacred or medicine orders 

 of Zuiii, less in importance than the order of the priesthood of the 

 bow, is a miniature representation of the national ecclesiastical and 

 martial organizations that is, each order has its peJewina, or high- 

 priest, its four Jeia Jeice armosi, or priests of the temple, its two pitJilan 

 shiwan mosun atcJii, or priests of the bow, and in accordance with its 

 special office its medicine or prayer-priest or master, and its sacred 

 council. Less strictly secret, yet more sacred, and organized upon 

 similar though more elaborate principles of office, is the church of 

 Zuni, the order of the sacred dances, or the Jed Jed, which is lodged in 

 six places of worship the half -underground estnfas of the north, west, 

 south, and east, the upper and lower regions of the universe. While 

 the Jed Jed, as a whole, has its supreme high -priests, its priests of the 

 temple, its warrior-priests, and its prayer-masters, each one of these 

 six temples of worship has also its like special system of priesthood, 

 with the added offices of song-priests or masters. Both in its organi- 

 zation as a whole and in its lesser organizations, the Jed Jed seems to be 

 a perfect mirror, as it were, of the mythology of the Zufii nation, just 

 as the mythology is a reflection of the sociologic organization of the 

 same nation. It is, then, to a study of the organization and functions 

 of the Jed Jed, based upon a knowledge of the national sociologic or- 

 ganization, that we are to look for the most complete and clear exem- 

 plification of their system of gods, just as we are to look to the tradi- 



