39 S THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



rocks, as in Europe, and not in trees, as Wilson and others had sup- 

 posed ; and that the American eagle is a fishing-eagle, robbing fish- 

 hawks when he can, diving himself after fish when he has to. He also 

 discovered and described a new species of trilobite in Pennsylvania, 

 which Professor Hall named after him. 



Professor Haldeman's first publication was made in 1835, the year 

 of his marriage, and was a paper in the " Lancaster Journal," exposing 

 the falsity of the celebrated "Moon Hoax," published by Richard 

 Adams Locke in the New York " Sun." He also published, in connec- 

 tion with his labors as a naturalist, a work on the " Fresh- Water Uni- 

 valve Mollusca of the United States," in nine parts, 1840 to 1866 ; three 

 numbers of a series of " Zoological Contributions " ; " Outlines of the 

 Zoology of Pennsylvania"; a sketch of the natural history and geology 

 of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; a monograph on the genus JLep- 

 toxis for a French work ; an article on the " Zoology of the Inverte- 

 brate Animals," for the American edition of the " Iconographic Ency- 

 clopaedia" ; and seventy-three papers which Professor Agassiz has 

 enumerated as having appeared in the scientific and philosophical jour- 

 nals and " Transactions " of the United States up to 1852. 



"Dr. Haldeman," says Mr. C. H. Hart, "very early took a deep 

 interest in the languages of the North American Indians, and, as an 

 aid to the study of ethnology, he now devoted his attention to the 

 study of language in general ; and doubtless it will be as a learned and 

 accurate philologist that his labors will be most remembered. His in- 

 vestigations in this most interesting study were not directed so much 

 to the origin and source of language as to rendering it facile of 

 acquirement and expression his specialty being the notation of the 

 elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech ; thus reach- 

 ing the form of language, which is merely the peculiar method of 

 uniting thought with sound." The first result of these labors in this 

 department was the paper entitled " Some Points in Linguistic Eth- 

 nology, with Illustrations chiefly from the Aboriginal Languages of 

 North America," which was published in the " Proceedings of the 

 American Academy of Arts and Sciences," in October, 1849. A 

 work on the "Elements of Latin Pronunciation," which was published 

 in 1851, and was warmly received, was an indirect result of studies 

 which he pursued with the object of finding a way to adapt the Latin 

 alphabet, while adhering strictly to its Latin signification, to the repre- 

 sentation of the sounds of the native Indian languages. From this 

 he was led on to pure linguistic studies, the fruits of which appeared 

 in his " Investigation of the Power of the Greek ft by Means of Pho- 

 netic Laws" (1853), in a monograph "On the Relations between Chi- 

 nese and the Indo-European Languages " (1856), and in his report to the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science " On the Pres- 

 ent State of our Knowledge of Linguistic Ethnology." Having de- 

 livered some lectures on the " Mechanism of Speech " before the Smith- 



