ANTHROPOID MYTHOLOGY. 659 



happens if the surrounding vegetation is cut and taken away green. 

 They say also that wolves are very fond of the Boranetz, and that it 

 has within meat, blood, and bones." The Adne-hasadeh has, how- 

 ever, none of the Iamb-like character of the Boranetz, but, on the con- 

 trary, a spirit averse to restraint. 



I believe a slight etymological rectification will give us a clew to 

 the conception out of which this fable has grown. For tabur, navel, 

 substitute tabaat, fundament, and from the cord connecting the navel 

 with a root in the ground we are led to the tail, by which the animal 

 hangs itself to a limb or a projecting root. The accounts of the fe- 

 rocity of the Adne-hasadeh need not be rejected as silly and monstrous 

 when we recollect how mischievous and destructive some apes are, as, 

 for instance, the Cynocephahis sphynx, which may have stood for the 

 original Adne-hasadeh, and which carries desolation into fields and 

 gardens. 



An important part is also assigned to apes in legends and parables. 

 " When Noah was about to lay out his vineyard, Satan came up and 

 asked him, ' Would you like to have me with you at the planting and 

 the wine-making ? ' * I am digging,' said Noah, evasively. What did 

 Satan do ? He brought up a lamb, a lion, a hog, and an ape, and killed 

 them all in the vineyard till it was soaked with their blood. Thus it 

 happens that man is soft and mild as a lamb after the first draughts ; 

 that he feels as brave and strong as a lion when he has drunken as 

 much as agrees with him ; then, when he has drunk more than enough, 

 he becomes like a hog, disagreeable and boisterous ; and, finally, when 

 quite drunk, staggers and tumbles around, and makes faces, like a 

 monkey." Perhaps the expression " to get as tipsy as a monkey " is 

 derived from this. Synhedrin relates of the time of the confusion of 

 tongues : " At the building of the tower of Babel men divided into 

 three parties. One party said, ' We will go up to heaven and settle 

 there ' ; the second party said, ' We will pray to our gods up there ' ; 

 and the third party said, ' We will go up and make war.' The last 

 were changed into apes and devils." 



Seven vanities, says the "Kohelet," correspond with the seven 

 phases of the life of man. When he comes into the world, everything 

 kisses and embraces him ; from two to three years old, he is like a pig, 

 dirty, rooting everywhere, putting everything into his mouth ; at ten 

 years old he is jumping and capering about like a goat ; at twenty, 

 he is a horse, vain, enthusiastic, eager, looking around for a wife ; when 

 he takes a wife, he becomes an ass, bears burdens, and if he has 

 children he is harassed like a dog to support them ; and, when old, he 

 becomes capricious and irritable, like an ape." A later writer, Salomo 

 Ibn Verga, toward the end of the fifteenth century, describes the 

 course of all things and beings as follows : " The coral forms the tran- 

 sition between the mineral and the vegetable kingdom, the sponge be- 

 tween the vegetable and the animal, and the ape is the intermediate 



