842 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



posed under it. The events of 1866 cast his party into the shade for 

 a time, but he gradually resumed, in the enlarged Prussia, his opposi- 

 tion to the measures of military rule and centralization. In 1869 he 

 made a proposition in favor of an international disarmament, which 

 was of course rejected. He was elected a deputy to the Diet of the 

 North-German Confederation, and afterward of the German Empire, 

 but declined both calls on account of his objections to the constitu- 

 tionality of those political creations. He, however, consented to enter 

 the Reichstag in 1880, as a member from one of the conscriptions of 

 Berlin. He was the author of the expression " KultiirTtampf" battle 

 for culture in connection with the controversy with the papal power, 

 which was so long a political watchword in Germany. His political 

 work, well performed as it was, was never allowed to interfere with 

 his scientific pursuits, which he regarded as his proper and serious 

 labor, but it often appeared to him, he says, " to be rather a recreation 

 than otherwise." In 1872 he replied with a refusal to an invitation 

 by a German society to withdraw from the French scientific societies 

 of which he was a member, declaring that a rupture of the scientific re- 

 lations between the two countries would be contrary to the interests of 

 civilization, of science, and of humanity. He was a member of the 

 Sanitary Associations of Berlin during the wars of 1866 and 1870, or- 

 ganized the first Prussian sanitary train, and had a part in the organi- 

 zation of several military and other hospitals. He is the author of 

 new laws in reference to the contagious diseases of animals and to 

 fisheries. Last year he was one of the speakers at a public meeting to 

 do honor to the memory of our murdered President, James A. Gar- 

 field. 



Professor Virchow's published works are numerous. A large pro- 

 portion of them consist of special papers on medical subjects, many 

 of which have appeared from time to time in the " Archiv," or are 

 included in the two collections of " Contributions to Scientific Medi- 

 cine " (1857) and "Treatises connected with State Medicine and Epi- 

 demiology" (1879). Important studies of prevalent disorders and. 

 epidemics are embodied in his report on the famine in the Spessart 

 (Bavaria), the typhoid fever in Silesia, and leprous affections in Nor- 

 way, and in his essays on cholera and trichinosis. His " Cellular 

 Pathology," which forms the first volume of his " Lectures on Pathol- 

 ogy," in four volumes, has been translated into several languages. 

 " The Pathology of Tumors " (three volumes, 1863-1867) is the most 

 exhaustive and comprehensive work on that subject. Works of a 

 more general character are "Goethe as a Naturalist" (1861), "Na- 

 tional Development and the Importance of the Natural Sciences" 

 (1865), "The Education of Women for their Vocation" (1865), "The 

 Problems of the Natural Sciences in the New National Life of Ger- 

 many " (1871), and "The Liberty of Science in the Modern State" 

 (1877). 



