NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 295 



of nine of the main species of animals which, characterize the 

 Quaternary period in Europe ; upon them were marks of cutting 

 implements, and in the midst of them coals and ashes. 



Close upon these came the excavations at Eyzies by Lartet and 

 his English colleague, Christy. In both these men there was a 

 sobriety and a carefulness in making researches and in stating 

 results which converted many of those who had been repelled by 

 the enthusiasm of Boucher de Perthes. The two colleagues found 

 buried together, in the stony deposits made by the water dropping 

 from the roof of the cave at Eyzies, the bones of numerous ani- 

 mals extinct or departed to arctic regions, one of. these a vertebra 

 of a reindeer with a flint lance-head still fast in it, and with these 

 were found evidences of fire. 



Discoveries like these were thoroughly convincing. But there 

 still remained here and there a few gainsayers in the supposed in- 

 terest of Scripture, and these, in spite of the convincing array of 

 facts, insisted that in some way, by some combination of circum- 

 stances, these bones of extinct animals of vastly remote periods 

 might have been brought into connection with all- these human 

 bones and implements of human make in all these different places, 

 without supposing that these ancient relics of men and animals 

 were of the same period. But a new class of discoveries came to 

 silence this contention. At La Madeleine in France, and at vari- 

 ous other places, were found rude but striking carvings and en- 

 gravings on bone and stone representing sundry specimens of 

 those long-vanished species. These specimens, or casts of them, 

 can now be seen in all the principal museums. They show the 

 hairy mammoth, the cave bear, and various other animals of the 

 Quaternary period, carved rudely but vigorously by contemporary 

 men ; and, to complete the significance of these discoveries, travel- 

 ers returning from the icy regions of North America have brought 

 similar carvings of animals now existing in those regions, made 

 by the Eskimos during their long arctic winters to-day.* 



* For the explorations in Belgium, see Dupont, Le Temps Prehistorique en Belgique. 

 For the discoveries by McEnery and Godwin Austin, see Lubbock, Prehistoric Times, Lon- 

 don, 1869, chap, x; also Cartailhac, Joly, and others above cited. For Boucher de Perthes, 

 see his Antiquites Celtiques et Antediluviennes, Paris, lS47-'64, vol. iii, pp. 526 et seq. For 

 sundry extravagances of Boucher de Perthes, see Reinach, Description Raisonnee du Musee 

 de St. Germain en Laye, Paris, 1889, vol. i, pp. 16 et seq. For the mixture of sound and 

 absurd results in Boucher's work, see Cartailhac as above, p. 19. Boucher had published 

 in 1838 a work entitled De la Creation, but it seems to have dropped dead from the press. 

 For the attempts of Scheuchzer to reconcile geology and Genesis by means of the Homo 

 diluvii testis, and similar " diluvian fossils," see the chapter on Geology in this series. The 

 original specimens of those prehistoric engravings upon bone and stone may be best seen 

 at the Archaeological Museum of St. Germain and the British Museum. For engravings of 

 some of the most recent, see especially Dawkins's Early Man in Britain, chap, vii, and the 

 Catalogue du Musee du St. Germain. For comparison of this prehistoric work with that 



