CENTERS OF IDEATION IN THE BRAIN. 521 



to think, since I wrote last, that the place where its different de- 

 grees of development are manifested in the living body is in the 

 fossa zygomatica (c, Fig. 2). Before I had thought at all of 

 phrenology I was struck with the remarkable breadth of the face 

 or head of a friend of mine, caused, not by prominent cheekbones, 

 as in some varieties of mankind, but more toward the ears, by the 

 great convexity of the zygomatic arch. Knowing that this indi- 

 vidual was exceedingly fond of good living, and that, even in 

 spite of a very powerful intellect, and propensities moderate in 

 almost every other respect, he was prone to indulge too freely in 

 the joys of the table, I afterward thought that this form of the 

 head and tendency of the mind might bear a nearer relation to 

 each other than had at first occurred to me ; and in some other 

 persons, notoriously fond of good eating and drinking, I found a 

 confirmation of my suppositions. This prominence of the bony 

 arch, I think, must be an absolute consequence of the part of the 

 cranium lying under the temporal muscle being pushed outward, 

 and diminishing in that direction the space of the fossa." 



Dr. Hoppe considered the organ " alimentiveness " to be like- 

 wise the organ of taste. He says : 



" That the sensation of taste only passes through the nerves 

 and is perceived in a part of the brain is a supposition, I think, 

 sufficiently proved. Now, it appears to me as highly probable, 

 and by analogy agreeing with other experience, that it is one 

 and the same organ which tastes, viz., distinguishes and enjoys, 

 and incites us to taste, or, in other terms, to take food and drink. 

 This, according to my opinion, is the organ of appetite for food, 

 and consequently it may be named the organ of taste, gustus." 



Dr. Crook, of London, mentions that, several years before the 

 publication of Dr. Hoppe's papers, he himself had arrived at simi- 

 lar conclusions with regard to this faculty and the position of its 

 organ. He says : 



" Three persons with whom I had become acquainted in the 

 year 1819, first led me to suspect that a portion of brain situated 

 near the front of the ear was connected with the pleasures of the 

 "festive board. From that time to the end of 1822 above a thou- 

 sand observations were made. As they tended to confirm this 

 view, several phrenological friends were informed of the result. 

 From 1823 I no longer doubted that the anterior portion of the 

 middle lobe was a distinct organ, and that its primary use was 

 the discrimination and enjoyment of meats and drink. It was 

 difficult, however, to hit the fundamental power. The situation 

 of the organ, under the zygomatic process and the temporal mus- 

 cle, frequently precluded the possibility of accurate observation. 

 But, notwithstanding, well-marked cases, both of a positive and a 

 negative kind, were investigated." 



