59 o THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



comparative ethnology has made it clear that the sacred stone 

 knives and implements of the Egyptian and Jewish priestly ritual 

 were natural survivals of that previous period. For sacrificial or 

 ritual purposes, the knife of stone was considered more sacred 

 than the knife of bronze or iron, simply because it was ancient ; 

 just as to-day in India, Brahman priests kindle the sacred fire, not 

 with matches or flint and steel, but by a process found in the 

 earliest, lowest stages of human culture — by violently boring a 

 pointed stick into another piece of wood until a spark comes ; and 

 just as to-day, in Europe and America, the architecture of the 

 middle ages survives as a special religious form in the erection 

 of our most recent churches, and to such an extent that thousands 

 on thousands of us feel that we can not worship fitly unless in the 

 midst of windows, decorations, vessels, implements, vestments, and 

 ornaments, no longer used elsewhere, but which have survived in 

 sundry branches of the Christian Church, and derived a special 

 sanctity from the fact that they are of ancient origin. 



Taking, then, the whole mass of testimony together, even 

 though a plausible or very strong argument against single evi- 

 dences may be made here and there, the force of its combined mass 

 remains, and leaves both the vast antiquity of man and the evolu- 

 tion of civilization from its lowest to its highest forms, as proved 

 by the prehistoric remains of Egypt and so many other countries 

 in all parts of the world, beyond a reasonable doubt.* 



* For Mr. Southall's views, see his Recent Origin of Man, p. 20, and elsewhere. For Mr. 

 Gosse's views, see his Omphalos as cited in the chapter on Geology in this scries. For a 

 summary of the work of Arcelin, Hamy, Lenormant, Richard, Lubbock, Mook, and Haynes, 

 see Mortillet, Le Prehistorique, passim. As to Zittel's discovery, see Oscar Fraas's Aus dem 

 Orient, Stuttgart, 187S. As to the striking similarities of the stone implements found in 

 Egypt with those found in the drift and bone caves, see Mook's Monograph, Wurzburg, 

 1S80, cited in the last chapter of this series, especially Plates IX, XI, XII. For even more 

 striking reproductions of photographs showing this remarkable similarity between Egyptian 

 and European chipped stone remains, see H. W. Haynes, Palaeolithic Implements in Upper 

 Egypt, Boston, 1S81. See also Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, chap, i, pp. 8, 9, 44, 

 102, 316, 329. As to stone implements used by priests of Jehovah, priests of Baal, priests 

 of Moloch, and priests of Odin, as religious survivals, see Cartailhac, as above, 6 and 7 ; 

 also Lartet in De Luynes, Expedition to the Dead Sea ; also Nilsson, Primitive Inhabit- 

 ants of Scandinavia, pp. 96, 97. For the discoveries by Pitt-Rivers, see the Journal of the 

 Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for 1881, vol. xi, pp. 382 et seg. ; 

 and for Campbell's decision regarding them, see ibid., pp. 396, 397. For facts summed up 

 in the words, " It is most probable that Egypt at a remote period passed like many 

 other countries through its stone period," see Hilton Price, F. S. A., F. G. S., paper in the 

 Journal of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for 1884, p. 56. Speci- 

 mens of palaeolithic implements from Egypt — knives, arrow-heads, spear-heads, flakes, and 

 the like, both of peculiar and ordinary forms — may be seen in various museums, but espe- 

 cially in that of Prof. Haynes, of Boston. Some interesting light is also thrown into the 

 subject by the specimens obtained by General Wilson and deposited in the Smithsonian In- 

 stitution at Washington. For the Abbe Hamard's attack, see bis L'Age de la Pierre et 

 1'Eomme Primitif, Paris, 1883 — especially his preface. 



