622 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 



each, one is free to follow them if he sees fit, provided, however, 

 that such or such a fashion may not be generally recognized as 

 a mark of adhesion to a bad class. The garb of a hangman or 

 of an assassin may not be scandalous in itself, but no honorable 

 and respectable man would clothe himself as an assassin or hang- 

 man in order to be in fashion. In like manner "wise and Christian 

 persons ought to be ashamed to imitate in their apparel the liber- 

 als and liberal philosophers, and, for this reason, whoever nowa- 

 days under the pretext of adapting his dress to the mode plasters 

 his face with those demi-periwigs, shows signs of little honesty, 

 or at least of little sense." 



This is a fair specimen of the puerility of the archbishop's rea- 

 soning. He then proceeds to discuss the origin and nature of hu- 

 man society, which, he maintains, is a divine institution, and began 

 to exist essentially in its present constitution with the creation 

 of man. The theory of a primitive state of savagery, out of which 

 the race was gradually evolved, he denounces as a figment of the 

 imagination, having no more reality than the dog with seven 

 heads or the sea-creature half fish and half maiden described by 

 the poets. " Modern philosophers, for their own base ends, have 

 feigned to believe in such a state of nature, as they call it, whereas 

 it should be called a state contrary and repugnant to nature." 

 The moral which the Right Reverend Apuzzo draws from his 

 doctrine is, that society being an institution established by God, 

 man has no right to change it under the pretext of reform or by 

 the force of revolution, thus impiously endeavoring, by overturn- 

 ing the thrones of divinely appointed kings, and subverting the 

 social, civil, and religious arrangements which God has ordained, 

 to improve upon the wisdom of the Omniscient. 



As regards liberty, he says it would be madness and blasphemy 

 to maintain that the freedom of the gospel has anything in com- 

 mon with the freedom preached by modern philosophers. What 

 the redemption of Christ freed man from was the condemnation 

 and slavery of sin, and from the dominion of the devil. " Before 

 his advent, demons tormented and afflicted the human race in a 

 thousand ways, but Jesus Christ so effectually released mankind 

 from that scourge, and so conquered the power of hell, that nowa- 

 days one scarcely knows that there are any such creatures as de- 

 mons." Was ever any utterance of even the clerical mind more 

 naive than this ! All aspirations and struggles for a freedom 

 differing from his definition of the freedom of the gospel he de- 

 nounces as destructive of human happiness and offensive to the 

 Saviour of the world. 



In the chapter on equality, we are told that men are tall, short, 

 smart, stupid, learned, ignorant, virtuous, vicious, rich, poor, 

 strong, and feeble, and that it is therefore impossible for them 



