LITERARY NOTICES. 



847 



gard to his use of material already pub- 

 lished the author says : " Such a work as 

 this can not, of course, be carried out with- 

 out much compilation ; but by far the 

 greater part of the labor has been expended 

 in the original work of discussing the data 

 thus compiled, and in acquiring wholly new 

 data, whether by experimental research or 

 in prolonged examination of the processes 

 described. For instance, there are about 

 two hundred tables in this volume ; of these, 

 all but about twenty (and most of these 

 twenty are very small) are either wholly 

 original or consist mainly or wholly, not of 

 matter published by others, but of numbers 

 calculated therefrom." As to revealing trade 

 secrets, his rule has been to give all the in- 

 formation about present practice that seems 

 useful and that he has permission to give, 

 while trying to conceal the identity of the 

 establishment at which it exists. This vol- 

 ume being numbered one, implies another or 

 more to follow it, but no announcement of 

 succeeding volumes is made in the one now 

 issued. 



Report upon United States Geographical 

 Surveys West of the One Hundredth 

 Meridian, in charge of Captain George 

 M. Wheeler. Vol. I, Geographical Re- 

 port. Washington. Pp. 780, quarto, with 

 Plates and Maps. 



This report was practically completed in 

 June, 1879, but the officer in charge was 

 prevented, by a press of other duties and by 

 subsequent prolonged illness, from present- 

 ing it for publication until 1887. The se- 

 ries of expeditions covered by the report 

 was made under the direction of the Chief 

 of Engineers, United States Army, in 1869, 

 and in successive years from 1871 to 1879, 

 inclusive. On the organization of the Geo- 

 logical Survey in 1879, surveys by the War 

 Department for military and industrial pur- 

 poses were discontinued. The results ob- 

 tained in these expeditions were published 

 in eight quarto volumes, each devoted to a 

 special topic, as astronomy, geology, etc. The 

 present volume gives a brief account of the 

 expedition of each year, with a summary of 

 results. In 1871 a party explored the Grand 

 Canon of the Colorado River in boats, from 

 Camp Mohave to Diamond Creek. An itin- 

 erary of this trip is given, to which is pre- 

 fixed a sketch of earlier explorations along 



this river. Some account is given of the 

 population, industries, irrigation, and land 

 classification in the regions explored, which 

 include parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Cali- 

 fornia, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Idaho, and 

 Oregon. In several appendixes are given 

 descriptions of the atlas sheets issued as a 

 part of these reports, an account of the 

 methods of survey employed, notes on the 

 survey and disposal of the public lands of 

 the United States (with map), and consid- 

 erations on the government land and marine 

 surveys of foreign nations. The last ap- 

 pendix is a memoir on discoveries and ex- 

 plorations on the Pacific Coast of North 

 America and in the interior west of the Mis- 

 sissippi from 1500 to 1880. In the first 

 part of the memoir the explorations between 

 1500 and 1800 are mentioned, and eleven 

 curious old maps are reproduced which show 

 the very iinperfect knowledge of America 

 that existed during much of this period. 

 This is followed by an epitome of the me- 

 moir by Lieutenant G. K. Warren, made in 

 1858, on the explorations west of the Mis- 

 sissippi from 1800 to 1857, and by a sketch 

 of the explorations and surveys from 1857 

 to 1880. The volume contains three folded 

 maps and thirty-eight plates, the latter in- 

 cluding the eleven old maps already men- 

 tioned, and representing also typical locali- 

 ties, contours, Indian costumes, etc., in the 

 country examined. 



Physiognomy and Expression. By Prof. 

 Paolo Mantegazza. The Contemporary 

 Science Series. New York : Scribner & 

 Welford. Pp. 327. Price, $1.25. 



In this treatise the author takes up the 

 study of expression at the point where Dar- 

 win left it, "and modestly claims to have 

 gone a step further." There is a great deal 

 of chaff in the literature of the subject ; and 

 the author, who is one of its most accom- 

 plished students, has accordingly had the 

 task set before him of separating once for 

 all positive observations from the number 

 of bad guesses and ingenious conjectures 

 which have hitherto encumbered the study. 

 His wish, he says, has been " to render to 

 science what is due to science, and to imagi- 

 nation what is due to imagination." Be- 

 sides new facts, the reader is invited to find 

 in his work facts already known, but inter- 



