THE COLLEGE-MAN. 349 



always prove the effective peacemaker, both by his tremendous power of 

 making war costly of life and property and, especially, by his no less 

 tremendous and vastly more admirable power of making the arts of 

 peace the means of attaining a higher civilization, of advancing the 

 interests of the people, of uniting all peoples in common interests and 

 making political boundaries subordinate to the best interests of all. 



Thus has the inventor and the mechanic provided the apparatus of 

 production of a new world and converted by its use barbarism into civil- 

 ization, light into darkness, developing in slave and drudge soul and in- 

 tellect and humanity. But it is not enough that the apparatus should 

 be provided; it must be placed in hands competent to use it effect- 

 ively and the whole modern organization of industries constitutes the 

 no less essential apparatus of utilization. Its armies of workers must 

 be directed by officers of every grade, commissioned and non-commis- 

 sioned, generals, colonels, majors, captains and lieutenants, sergeants 

 and corporals. Without organization the armies of industry degen- 

 erate into mobs and threaten life and property and become entirely in- 

 competent to keep in motion the machinery of production. Well or- 

 ganized, every invention finds its use and every people profits by its 

 employment; production proceeds with increasing efficiency and the 

 world grows comfortable and happiness becomes attainable. 



Says Carlyle: "The Captains of Industry — happily the class who above 

 all, or, at least, first of all, are wanted in this time. ... It may truly be 

 said, the Organisation of Labour (not organized by the mad methods tried 

 hitherto) is the universal vital Problem of the World. . . . The few wise 

 will have, by one method or another, to take command of the innumerable 

 foolish; that they must all be got to take it; and that, in fact, since Wisdom, 

 which means also Valour and heroic Nobleness, is alone strong in this world 

 and one wise man is stronger than all men unwise, they can be got. . . . 

 This I do clearly believe to be the backbone of all Future Society, as it has 

 been of all Past ; and that, without it, there is no Society possible in the world." 



These are the sentiments of that powerful, rough, mainly accurate 

 philosopher, as expressed in his ' Latter-Day Pamphlets,^ about the 

 middle of the nineteenth century. Carlyle, judging the works of men, 

 would, I am sure, declare that the noblest work of all, in our time or 

 in times to come, shall be adjudged that of the captain of industry, 

 who, in his long life of struggle and of strife, leading armies of men to 

 victories over material things and against obstacles set by ignorance, 

 prejudice, opposing interests and envy and malice, finds employment 

 for thousands, gives the people some essential of the people's life at 

 continually reducing costs with continually rising wages, gathers his 

 millions while giving to the nation hundreds of millions, and then, his 

 struggles and strifes at an end, gives his remaining years to distribution 

 of his wealth in the founding of libraries and to the support of the 



