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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



pi'esent thousands of graduates and 

 guests for whom a program lasting 

 four days had been prepared. It in- 

 cluded sermons, addresses, concerts, 

 dedications and other exercises, leading 

 to the commemorative exercises and the 

 conferring of honorary degrees. The 

 doctorate of laws was conferred on 

 President Roosevelt and forty-six 

 others, including among scientific men 

 t^. S. Billings, director of the New York 

 Public Library ; S. P. Langley, secretary 

 of the Smithsonian Institution; A. A. 

 Michelson, professor of physics in the 

 University of Chicago; William Osier, 

 professor of medicine in the Johns Hop- 

 kins Medical School; Henry Smith 

 Pritchett, president of the Massachu- 

 setts Institute of Technology; Ira 

 Remsen, president of the Johns Hop- 

 kins University; Ogden Nicholas Rood, 

 professor of physics in Columbia Uni- 

 versity, and Wilhelm Waldeyer, pro- 

 fessor of anatomy in the University of 

 Berlin. 



About half of those who have become 

 eminent for public services are college 

 graduates, and Yale has certainly 

 contributed its full share. The ad- 

 dresses by ex- President Oilman on 

 Yale's Relation to Letters and Science, 

 and by Professor Welch on Yale's Re- 

 lation to Medicine, told of the im- 

 portant part taken by Yale's grad- 

 uates in the scientific work of the 

 country. Through the influence of the 

 elder Silliman and the 'American Jour- 

 nal of Science,' established by him in 

 1818, and through the Sheffield Scien- 

 tific School, Yale has always led in the 

 sciences. Its faculty has included the 

 two Sillimans, Olmsted, Loomis, Dana, 

 Newton and Marsh, and among its 

 alumni are many of those who have ad- 

 vanced science, including two of our 

 leading inventors, Whitney and Morse. 

 In education Yale has had great in- 

 fluence through the college presidents it 

 has trained. As President Northrop 

 pointed out in his address, one hundred 

 and five graduates of Yale have been 

 president of a college; and eighty-five 



different colleges have at some time had 

 a Yale graduate for president. Yale 

 furnished the first president of at least 

 seventeen colleges — Princeton, Colum- 

 bia, Dartmouth, Georgia, Williams, 

 Hamilton, Kenyon, Illinois, Wabash, 

 Missouri, Wisconsin, Beloit, California, 

 Cornell, Western Reserve, Johns Hop- 

 kins and Chicago. 



AOr^-S' FROM THE BERLIN MEET- 

 ING OF THE INTERNATIONAL 

 ZOOLOGICAL CONGRESS. 



The fifth meeting of the Interna- 

 tional Zoological Congress, which 

 opened at Berlin on August 13, was 

 attended by a very large number of 

 zoologists and carried out an elaborate 

 program in the course of which many 

 highly interesting papers were read. 

 The general sessions of the Congress 

 were occupied by a series of addresses 

 on general topics, among which may be 

 mentioned those of Professor Yves De- 

 lage, of Paris on the fertilization of the 

 egg, of Professor Grassi of Rome on the 

 malaria organism, of Professor Poulton 

 of Oxford on mimicry in insects, and 

 the fine closing address on vitalism 

 and mechanism by Professor Biitschli 

 of Heidelberg. The number of de- 

 tailed papers read in the various sec- 

 tions is too great to allow of their re- 

 view here, but attention may be called 

 to the interesting discussion on vital- 

 ism and mechanism that took place in 

 the opening session of the section for 

 experimental biology. The modern re- 

 vival of interest in this time-honored 

 problem, which occupied so large a 

 field of discussion a half-century ago, 

 has been largely due to the surprising 

 results attained by experimental em- 

 bryology during the last decade, espe- 

 cially those brought forward by Roux, 

 Driesch and their many followers. 

 The discussion at Berlin was opened by 

 Driesch himself in a paper entitled 

 'Two New Proofs of Vitalism,' a title 

 which indicates his own position on the 

 general problem. Presenting in brief 



