44 10PULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Williams College Expedition to Greenland and Labrador in 1860, and 

 to him, many years later, he dedicated his book ' The Labrador Coast,' 

 with grateful acknowledgment of the encouragement and many kind- 

 nesses he had received from him in early student days. Three years 

 of graduate study (1861-64) with Louis Agassiz at Cambridge not 

 only brought Packard under the influence of this great naturalist 

 and scientific missionary to America, but brought him naturally into 

 close touch with that older generation of ' lawgivers ' who had passed 

 away, but with whom Agassiz had worked; Oken, Humboldt, Cuvier 

 Lamarck and St. Hilaire. The momentum gathered through the 

 labors of these men in what we should call now general natural science 

 was passed on through Agassiz to his many pupils who have rendered 

 such splendid service to natural science in this country, Alexander 

 Agassiz, Hyatt, Packard, Putnam, Morse, Wilder, Brooks, Verrill, 

 Allen, Scudder, Whitman and Jordan. 



To these young men American geology and the American fauna, 

 living and extinct, offered extensive and rich choice in fields of re- 

 search. Packard chose them all and has left his mark upon them all : 

 geology; paleontology; systematic, structural and economic zoology; 

 embryology, and even anthropology. At Cambridge while he was 

 studying with Agassiz he was also pursuing a course in medicine — as 

 Agassiz himself had done in Munich more than thirty years before — 

 and received his S.B. from Harvard and his M.D. from Bowdoin (the 

 Maine Medical School) in the same year, 1864. With respect to theo- 

 retical biology Agassiz's laboratory was an interesting place during this 

 period following the publication of Darwin's ' Origin of Species.' 

 Uncritical acceptance of the doctrine of organic evolution would have 

 been impossible in view of Agassiz's attitude toward this ' notion . . . 

 ever returning upon us with hydra-headed tenacity of life, and pre- 

 senting itself under a new form as soon as the preceding one has been 

 exploded and set aside . . . .' The theoretical phase of biology 

 appealed strongly to Packard and to it he devoted much time and 

 study, especially after the year 1870. He was an ardent admirer of 

 Lamarck, adopted many of his ideas and applied them to new ma- 

 terial; and with Cope and Hyatt founded the school of evolutionary 

 thought for which he proposed the name Neo-Lamarckian. To all 

 these subjects, except medicine, Packard contributed papers, memoirs, 

 general books or text-books, and upon them all, except medicine, he 

 lectured to his classes in Brown University. 



His geological researches began with his student trip to Labrador 

 in 1860. From these and later studies in Labrador (1864) several 

 articles resulted ; among them were the ' Glacial Phenomena of Maine 

 and Labrador ' (1866) and the book already referred to, ' The Labrador 

 Coast' (1891). While assistant on the Maine Geological Survey 



