THE COLLEGE OF THE WHITE DEER. 5 J 5 



THE COLLEGE OF THE WHITE DEER GROTTO.* 



By CHARLES KEYSER EDMUNDS. Ph.D , 

 CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE. 



\ NEWCOMER to China is sure to be surprised by two things at 

 -£"^- least, not to mention many others, viz., the grandeur of the 

 scenery in certain sections and the unexpected excellence of the means 

 of transportation on her chief waterways. Both of these were factors 

 in the trip which the writer recently made to the famous Confucian 

 stronghold, hoary with age, hid away among the hills of central China 

 — the College of the White Deer Grotto. 



In order to appreciate more fully the scenic surroundings and the 

 secluded location of this most noted of Confucian schools, we shall 

 notice the scenery encountered en route at a greater length than might 

 on first thought seem suitable to our topic, for it is important to get 

 the full setting of this cloister, within whose ivy grown walls there was 

 in former clays such deep searching into the doctrines of the ' Princely 

 Man ' and the ' Great Learning.' 



Crossing the Woo Sung bar at the mouth of the Shanghai Elver at 

 daybreak, our steamer, a modern screw craft of some 3,600 tons and 

 1,500 horse-power, turned her head up the mighty Yangtsze, China's 

 aorta of trade, and for four hundred and fifty miles we pushed against 

 the swift current of that coffee-colored stream, passing en route the 

 important ports of Chinkiang, near the mouth of the Grand Canal, 

 Nanking, a former capital of the ' Celestial Empire ' and still its most 

 famous literary center, and Wuhu, an immense lumbering depot, to 

 disembark at Kiukiang, the country's chief mart for ' china,' while the 

 steamer passed on some hundred and fifty miles further to Hankow, 

 the center of the great tea trade. The river steamers do not run up 

 to piers or wharves, but at such ports as we have named they run along- 

 side the dismantled and anchored bulks of former ocean-going vessels 



which lie offshore and are connected to the land by a sort of pontoon- 



* There is a slight notice of this school and its refonnder in Williams' 

 ' Middle Kingdom,' and a fuller account is given in Mr. R. E. Lewis' ' Educa- 

 tional Conquest of the Far East ' (New York, 1903), and in the ' East of Asia' 

 (Shanghai, 1905). Vol. 3, No. 2, by Dr. Carl F. Kupfer. Although all these have 

 been consulted and material freely drawn from them, the main source of the 

 matter herewith presented was the trip which the writer made to the College 

 in August, 1904, in company with a party of American friends, several of whom 

 understood the Kiangsi dialect. 



