NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 401 



collection of Prof. Van der Hoeven contains several from Grenada, Catalonia, 

 &c. Of one of these, No. 31, he writes in his catalogue,* "Occipitis pars 

 superior gibba, '' and of another, No. 32, " os occipitis supra gibbum." In 

 describing a Lusitanian skull, he says, "Occiput gibbum ; linese semicircu- 

 lares et protuberantia occipitalis vix distincta. " 



In the asymmetrical Sclavonian skull from Olmutz in Moravia (1251), and in 

 No. 1253, a Sclave from Morlack in Dalmatia, the occiput is flatly globular or 

 truncated. If classified according to its form, No. 1251 might be placed between 

 the Turkish and Kalmuck types. 



In a Polish skull in Prof. Van der Hoeven's collection, the occipital region 

 is prominent at the apex of the lambdoidal suture. The occiput of another 

 Poland skull is broad and gibbous in the upper portion. 



In the Turkish skull figured by Blumeubach (table 2) the external 

 occipital protuberance is but little developed, so that there seems to be no 

 occiput. Two Turkish skulls obtained from a burial ground at Scutari, and 

 described by Dr. Williamson,! have a rounded occiput. 



In a Cossack skull (133) from Balaklava, the occiput is broad and very 

 flat. 



In the Hungarian cranium, according to Edwards, J the back of the head ap- 

 pears flat, forming almost a straight line with the nape of the neck. 



A cast of the skull of a young Greek (1354), exhibits a moderately full and 

 rounded occiput. In the Greek skulls, in the Chatham collection, the " occiput 

 is well rounded, and does not, in general, project ; the space for the downward 

 projection of the brain in the occipital region is well developed." 



The cranium of a Roman praetorian soldier, figured by Blumenbach, has the 

 external occipital protuberance very broad and prominent. In the skull of a 

 Roman soldier, || taken from an ancient cemetery at York, the occiput is broad 

 and rounded, and the protuberance rather prominent. So also in the Roman 

 cranium described by Dr. Thurnam,^ the occipital bone is full and prominent, 

 especially in its upper half. 



In an Etruscan skull in the Galerie Anthropologique at Paris, the occiput is 

 full and rounded.** 



The general form of the occipital region of the so-called Phoenician skull 

 (1352) is like that of the Norwegian. In the latter, however, the external 

 occipital protuberance, and the superior curved line are strongly pronounced ; 

 in the former the skull is quite smooth at this place. 



All the Circassian skulls exhibit great fulness of the occipital protuberance. 

 The upper part of the hind-head is flat. The occiput as a whole is rounded in 

 the Armenian skull, No. 789, and in this respect is like the Persian skull, No. 

 731. Nos. 790, 791, 792 (Armenian) are longer and more angular heads, and 

 owing to the prominence of the occipital protuberance, are more like the Cir- 

 cassian skulls. In Nos. 792 and 794, also Armenian, the occiput is flatly 

 round. The rather short and angular Parsee heads, exhibit a rounded occi- 

 put very well shown in No. 731, but less marked in No. 743, owing to the 

 general prominence of the occipital bone. The form of the occipital region in 

 the Affghan head, is like that of the Armenian and Circassian. 



The Baluchi and Affghan heads in the Chatham collection have the "occiput 



* Catalogus Craniorum Diversarum Gentium quae collegit, J. Van der Hoeven. Lugduni 

 Batavorum, .1860. This valuable catalogue contains a brief account of 171 human 

 crania and 39 casts, with the principal measurements of all the skulls. 



t Observations on the Human Crania contained in the Museum of the Army Medical 

 Department, Fort Pitt, Chatham. By George Williamson, M D., Dublin, 1857. 



| Des Caracteres Physiologiques des Races Humaines. Par W. F. Edwards, 1829. 



Decades craniorum. Tab 32. 



|| Described by Retzius in Midler's Archiv. fur Anat., Phys., etc. Jahr. 1849, p. 576. 



if Crania Britannica, Decade I. 



** See Cranial Characteristics of the Races of Men, in Indigenous Races of the Earth, 

 p. 313, for a drawing of this skull. 



I860.] 



