414 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP 



table 7 of Dr. Lucae's " Organischen Formenlelire, " a work containing many 

 interesting craniographic details. 

 From the foregoing facts we may conclude : 



1. That the form of the human occiput is not constant. On the contrary, 

 it varies continually in the different races and tribes of men. It varies, also, 

 to a greater or less extent, among the individuals of the same race or tribe. 



2. That the different occipital forms may be divided into five classes or 

 groups, which are reducible, however, to three. These are, 1st. The pro- 

 tuberant or prominent occiput, with the upper or parietal half somewhat 

 flattened, so as to present an inclined or shelving appearance. (See p. 399.) 

 2d. The vertically flattened. 3d. The inferiorly flattened or compressed, in 

 which the basal portion of the occiput slants upwards and backwards, as is 

 shown in a strongly marked degree, in the Sandwich Islander head, fig. 69, 

 on page 340 of "Indigenous Races of the Earth." 4th. The round. And 

 5th. The globular. As the last two merge more or less into each other, and 

 as the third form may be regarded as, in many instances, a modification of 

 the second, these five forms may, with greater simplicity, be thrown into three 

 groups, viz. : 1st. The prominent and oval, or superiorly inclined. 2d. The 

 perpendicularly flattened. And 3d. The more or less round or globular. 



3. That to the first of these groups belong the Norwegians, Swedes, and 

 some other Scandinavians ; the Frisians and Batavians,* among the low 

 Germans ; the Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Americans, the form of the occiput in 

 these being between that of the Swedes and Germans ; the Celtic Irish, and 

 some tribes of the ancient Britons ; the Phoenicians, Circassians, Armenians, 

 Affghans, Baluchi ; some of the Egyptians and Arabs, the Fellahs, Abys- 

 sinians, and Guanches of the Canary Isles ; some of the Hindoos and Chinese ; 

 the Loo-Chooans, certain Malays ; the Eskimos, Kamskatkans, Reindeer Tun- 

 gus, Icelanders, Tchuktcki, Unalaschkans, some of the Kanakas, Tahitians, 

 and others of the Sandwich Islands, Marquesans, of Nukahivah, New 

 Zealanders, Feejeeans, and most of the African tribes. Among the aboriginal 

 Americans, this form is exhibited by the Arickarees, Assinaboins, Cherokees, 

 Chippeways ; some of the Kootenays, Creeks, and Dacotas ; by the Hurons, 

 and probably the Illinois ; by some of the Iroquois and most of the Lenapes ; 

 by the Mandans, Minetaris, Menominees, Miamis, Mohawks, and most of the 

 Narragansetts, the Naticks, some of the Osages, Ottawatomies. Pawnees, and 

 Sauks ; by most of the Seminoles, by the Shawnees, Shoshone, Upsarookas, 

 Californians, Cayugas, Cheyennes, Choctaws, Massasaugas, Mingos, Naum- 

 keags, Mayas of Central America ; by some of the Araucanians, the Charibs, 

 Patagonians, Brazilians, Aymaras, and by some of the ancient Mound Builders, 

 Peruvians, and Mexicans. 



In the kumbekephalic variety of skulls, this form of occiput is often very 

 much exaggerated, as is seen in certain ancient Cimbrian, Ostrogoth, and Bur- 

 gundian heads ; in some Egyptians and Celtic Irish, and in one Creek Indian 

 skull. 



4. That of the second form of occiput, or that in which the hind-head is 

 more or less vertically flattened, we find examples in some of the ancient in- 

 habitants of Scandinavia ; the Lapps, Samoiedes, Iberians, or Basques of the 

 Pyrenees ; the ancient Pelasgi ; Cossacks, Hungarians, Candaharians, some 

 Arabs ; one Chinese, the Siamese, some Malays and Javanese ; certain tribes 

 of the Transgangetic, or Indo-Chinese Peninsula, and. occasionally among 

 the Tahitians. To this group belong, also, the skulls of Chetimache, Natchez, 

 Otoe, Kenehawha, Oneida, Seneca, and Puelche Indians ; likewise a portion 

 of the Kootenays, Lenapes, Miamis, Osages, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, 

 Shoshones, Araucanians, Peruvians, and the majority of the Mound Builders. 



Examples of the inferiorly flattened modification of, or deviation from this 

 type, are found in some of the Malays, Polynesians, &c. 



* See Catalogus Craniorum Diversarum Gentium quae Collegia, J. Van der Hoeven, p. 14. 



[Sept. 



