324 ANNOTATED LIST OF PERSONS 



Bail, Karl Adolph Emmo Theodor (1833 ). German mycologist. 



Discovered the submerged yeast form of Mucor mucedo. 



Balard, Antoine Jerome (1802-1876). French chemist. Born in 

 Alontpellier. Professor in the Normal School, the College of France 

 and the Sorbonne. Inspector general of higher education. Member 

 of the Academy of Sciences. Discovered bromine (1826) and 

 succeeded in extracting sodium sulphate from sea water. 



"Par sa chaleur d'ame, il entrainait tout le monde dans un mouve- 

 ment gencreux. C'etait un eveilleur d'activites. ... Ce qui me 

 charmait en lui, c'est qu'il avait le culte de la science pure. Des 

 qu'un homme de laboratoire mele a ses travaux d'autres preoccupa- 

 tions, il est arrete dans sa marche." (Pasteur.) 



Barbet ( ). Director of the "Maison Barbet," a Parisian 



preparatory school. Teacher of Pasteur and of Duclaux. 



Bastian, Henry Charlton (1837-1915). English physician, physiologist 

 and pathologist. Born in Cornwall. Professor in University of 

 London. Member of the Royal Society. Bastian WTote "The 

 Modes of Origin of Lowest Organisms" (1871), "The Beginnings of 

 Life" (1872), and "Studies in Heterogenesis" (1901). Student 

 of nematodes and of the brain and nervous sj-stem. Adversary 

 of Pasteur. For portrait see Pop. Sci. Monthly, Nov., 1875. 



Beal, William James (1833 ). American botanist. Born in 



Michigan. Student of Louis Agassiz and of Asa Gray. For many 

 years professor in Michigan Agricultural College. 



Bechamp, Pierre Jacques Antoine (1816-1908). French physician. 

 Professor in Faculty of Medicine in Montpellier and afterward in 

 the Catholic Faculty in Lille. Antagonist of Pasteur. Copious 

 writer. His chief work is "Les Microzymas dans leurs rapports 

 avec I'h^tcrogenie, I'histogenie, la physiologic et la pathologic, 

 examen de la panspermie atmospherique continue ou discontinue, 

 morbifere ou non morbifere," 8 vo., pp. 992, Paris (1883); see also 

 "Microzymas et Microbes" (1888). 



"As to the nature of the disease [flacherie] and its cause, M. Be- 

 champ ascribes it to mobile molecules which he calls microzymas 

 and which he sees swarming everywhere 'on the surface of the 

 worms, in their fluids, in the eggs, etc' I leave to M. Bechamp 

 the complete priority of these facts." (Pasteur.) 



Becher, Johann Joachim (163.T-1682). German chemist and political 

 economist. A forerunner of Stahl. Helped to introduce potato- 

 culture into Germany a vast undertaking, since there wds a strong 

 popular prejudice to be overcome. 



Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827). Greatest of composers. Son of a 

 drunkard who was a mediocre musician and of a tuberculous woman 

 who was the daughter of a cook. Generally reckoned as a German, 



