ANNOTATED LIST OF PERSONS 331 



Dreyfus." With the exception of the noble and brave Col. Picquart, 

 the French war department chiefs, almost to a man, insisted on his 

 guilt, even after his innocence was established, and they were ably sup- 

 ported in their iniquity by the clergy, religious orders, and all 

 anti-Jewish influences. The authorities refused to reopen the case; 

 Col. Picquart was ordered to Tunis and subsequently imprisoned; 

 Esterhazy, who had been accused by Dreyfus, was tried by court 

 martial behind closed doors and acquitted; Zola was prosecuted 

 and convicted, and fled from Paris; and Dreyfus, finally retried by 

 court martial at Rennes, was again convicted but with "extenuating 

 circumstances;" Maitre Labori, his leading attorney, was shot 

 during the trial; the President of France was insulted; and Paul 

 Deroulede, the poet, urged the military to destroy the republic. 

 The injustice of the judgment at Rennes was so apparent and so 

 flagrant that Dreyfus was pardoned (1899), but all France was in a 

 ferment which did not subside for several years. Dreyfus demanded 

 another trial which was finally granted in 1905 and this time he 

 was fully acquitted. Dreyfus and Picquart were then restored 

 to the army with promotions and when Clemenceau selected his 

 first cabinet he made General Picquart minister of war. The dis- 

 establishment of the French church and the abolition of the religious 

 orders, as dangerous to the republic, was a direct consequence of the 

 Dreyfus affair. 



Du Bois-Reymond, Emile (1818-1896). German physiologist and 

 philosopher, of Swiss-French extraction. Author of many books. 

 "Ignorabimus" is his famous word. Born and died in Berlin. 

 His brother Paul was a mathematician. For portraits see Garrison, 

 p. 564, Pagel, p. 210, and Pop. Sci. Monthly, July, 1878. 



Duboue, ( ). French physician. Early student of 



rabies. 



Duclaux, Emile (1840-1904). French chemist, bacteriologist, patholo- 

 gist and rural economist. Director of the Pasteur Institute 

 from 1895-1904, and closely associated with it from its beginning 

 in 1888. For a bibliography of Duclaux's writings (220 titles 

 including 9 books, two of which are on milk) see the appendix 

 to Dr. Roux's Review of Duclaux's work in "Ann. de I'lnst. Pasteur," 

 No. 6, 1904, pp. 354-362. 



"Les amis qui ont ete le plus meles a son existence n'ont jamais 

 surpris en lui la moindre defaillance morale; il reste pour eux le 

 modole auquel ils voudraient ressembler." (Dr. Roux.) 



Duclaux, Madame Mary (1857 ). English literary woman, nee 



Agnes Mary Robinson, wife of James Darmesteter, the French 

 orientalist, then of Emile Duclaux (1901). Poet and prose writer 

 in English and French. Author of many books. 



