ANNOTATED LIST OF PERSONS 335 



Pysikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt in Berlin. His chief works 

 are on optics and acoustics. Invented the ophthalmoscope (1850). 

 It was he who said: "The only laws I know are the laws of physics." 

 For portraits see Garrison, p. 562, and Pagel, p. 714. 



Helmont, Jean Baptists van (1577-1644). Belgian physician and mystic. 

 Invented a system of medicine founded on that of Paracelsus. 

 Discovered the gastric juice, laudanum, carbon dioxide (gas syl- 

 vestre) and carbonate of ammonia. Introduced the words "gas" 

 and "ferment" into chemistry. For portrait see Garrison, p. 

 251. 



Henle, Friederich Gustav Jakob (1809-1885). German anatomist, 

 physiologist and pathologist. Professor in Zurich, Heidelberg and 

 Gottingen. Published important books and papers on anatomy, 

 physiology, pathology, zoology and anthropology. His paper 

 referred to in the text is his "Pathologischen Untersuchungen" 

 (1840). See also his "Handbuch der rationellen Pathologie" 

 (1853). For portraits see Garrison, p. 473, and Pagel, p. 718. 



Herschel, Sir John Frederick William (1792-1871). English astronomer. 

 Son of the astronomer Frederick William Herschel. Famous for 

 his catalogues and measurements of double stars. For portraits 

 see "Tennyson and his friends" by Cameron, 1893, pi. 10, and 

 Harper's Mag., 1897, p. 549. 



Hippocrates (B. C. 460 ). Greek physician and surgeon. "The 



father of Medicine." . Descended, so said, from Aesculapius. 

 Born in Cos. Pupil of Democritus. A careful observer and great 

 clinician. He emancipated medicine from many superstitions and 

 enjoyed a great reputation as a healer, not only during his life but 

 for centuries after. For portrait from a bust see Garrison, p. 81. 



Hoff (See Van-t-Hoff). 



Hoffmann, Hermann ( ). German mycologist. The person 



referred to in the text is probably the above, who was professor 

 in Giessen in 1874. 



Hugo, Victor (1802-1885). French poet. Son of Gen. Hugo. Born 

 at Besangon. Member of the French Academy. Peer of France. 

 Spent 20 years in exile. Great lyric, epic, and dramatic poet. 

 Copious writer of romances and various critical and philosophical 

 essays. Democratic in politics. His published works comprise 

 eighty-two volumes. For portraits and caricatures see Abry, 497, 

 500, 502, .536, 540, 543. 



Jaillard, Pierre Frangois (1827-1883). French physician. Professor in 

 Val de Grace. Associated with Leplat in anthrax studies. 



Jenner, Edward (1749-1823). English physician. Discovered cowpox 

 vaccine, a preventive of smallpox. His studies of it were begun 

 in 1775 and the first human vaccination was in 1796. His first book, 



