338 ANNOTATED LIST OF PERSONS 



extract which bears his name. A friend of Wohler with whom 

 he edited "Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie." Nearly all of 

 his ideas on biological problems have now been set aside. For 

 portraits see (iarrison, p. 492, and Pop. 8ci. Monthly, June, 1873. 



"As to the opinion which explains putrefaction of animal sub- 

 stances by the presence of microscopic animalcule, it may be 

 compared to that of a child who would explain the rapidity of the 

 Rhine by attributing it to the violent movement of the numerous 

 mill-wheels of Mayence." (Liebig, 1845.) 



Linnaeus or Linne, Charles de (1707-1778). Swedish naturalist. 

 Foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences. Knight of 

 the Polar Star. Author of the Linnean system of botany, founded 

 on the reproductive organs. He introduced the binary sj'stem of 

 nomenclature, and described many genera and species. A copious 

 writer and diligent collector of plants from many lands. He wTote 

 among other things: "Flora Suecica," "Hortus Upsaliensis," 

 "Systema Naturje," "Fundamenta Botanica," "Genera Plantarum," 

 "Bibliotheca Botanica," "Critica Botanica," "Classes Plantarum," 

 "Philosophia Botanica," and "Species Plantarum" (1753). For 

 portraits see Wittrock I, Tafi. 2, 2a, 25, 2c, 3, 3*, 3**, Wittrock II, 

 Tafl. 25, Garrison, p. 304, and Pop. Sci. Monthly, Oct., 1899. 



Lister, Joseph (1827-1912). Distinguished English surgeon. Knighted, 

 and President of the Royal Society. Son of a distinguished father. 

 Professor in Edinburgh and King's College in London. The first 

 to reform surgical operations with reference to bacterial infections. 

 He treated wounds with concentrated phenol and operated under 

 a phenol spray. He banished hospital gangrene and from his work 

 at Glasgow (1860-69) dates the beginning of modern surgery. 

 Previous to his improvements, which were stimulated by Pasteur's 

 discoveries, the healing of wounds by first intention was a rare 

 occurrence and suppuration and septic poisoning raged in the 

 surgical wards of hospitals like the plague. For portraits see 

 Minerva XX, Garrison, p. 622, Pagel, p. 1019, and Pop. Sci. 

 Monthly, March, 1898. 



Loffler, Friedrich August Johannes (1852-1915). German physician, 

 bacteriologist, sanitarian, and pathologist. Son of Gottfried 

 Friedrich P>anz LofHer, a distinguished army physician. Robert 

 Koch's pupil. Professor in Greifswald. Member of the Imperial 

 Board of Health. Discovered with Schlitz (1882) the cause of 

 glanders; isolated in 1884 the cause of dijjhtheria (Klebs had seen 

 it in the diphtheritic membranes in 1883); in 1885 stained the organ- 

 ism causing erysipelas of the pig, and furnished the first full account 

 of it. (It was discovered by Pasteur and Thuillier.) ^^'ith Frosch 

 discovered the first filterable virus (Foot and Mouth disease). 



