THE SAX FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE 



109 



during the shock men. cows, and horses found it impossible to stand, 

 and fell to the ground ; and some persons were even thrown from their 

 beds. In a general way all these evidences of violence diminish gradu- 

 ally with distance from the fault on either side. The rate of diminu- 

 tion, with exceptions to be mentioned presently, may be expressed by 

 saying that at live miles from the fault only a few men and animals 

 were shaken from their feet, only a few wooden houses were moved 

 from their foundations, about half the brick chimneys remained sound 

 and in condition for use, sound trees were not broken, and no cracks 

 were opened which did not immediately close. At a distance of twenty 

 miles only an occasional chimney was overturned, the walls of some 

 brick buildings were cracked, and wooden buildings escaped without 

 injury; the ground was not cracked, landslides were rare, and not all 

 sleepers were wakened. At seventy-five miles the shock was observed 

 by nearly all persons awake at the time, but there were no destructive 

 effects; and at two hundred miles it was perceived by only a few 

 persons. 



Fig. 10. Road Crack caused by the Earthquake. 



