EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION ON HOMICIDE 167 



Table III. 



San Francisco Police-court Eecord — 1S74-1904. 



by Fig. 4, murders were far less frequent in proportion to popula- 

 tion in eastern cities than they are now. In the west the reverse is 

 true, because the immigration from southern Europe has had little 

 influence on the growth of Pacific coast cities. In Los Angeles, where 

 the proportion of native born of native whites is exceeded by only four 

 cities (of 100,000 or over) in the United States, the ratio of arrests 

 for homicide has greatly diminished, falling from 13.88 per 100,000 of 

 inhabitants in 1890, to an annual average of 4.86 during the four years 

 1901-04. 



Passing now to the Atlantic seaboard, we find in the city of 

 Xewark, New Jersey, a conspicuous example of the effect of immigra- 

 tion on homicide in a city which owes much of its recent growth to 

 alien settlers. In 1900, 29 per cent, of Newark's population was 

 foreign born, the foreign-born Italians alone numbering 8,537, since 

 which year this element of her population has greatly increased. 



In 1880, when the Italian population of Xewark was very small, 

 the ratio of arrests for homicide was but 1.46 per 100,000 of inhabit- 

 ants; in 1890 the ratio was even lower, being 1.10 per 100,000 of 



