i?o POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



of arrests for murder and manslaughter in Cincinnati during the 

 nine years, 1880, 1800 and 1898-1904 (as shown in the foregoing 

 table), was 5.56; for Cleveland during the three years for which statis- 

 tics are available, the annual average was 10.71 per 100,000 of in- 

 habitants. The causes of this disparity may readily be found in the 

 relative character and proportions of their foreign population. The 

 United States census for 1900 shows that whereas in Cincinnati 35 

 per cent, of the inhabitants were native-born of native parents, in 

 Cleveland only 23 per cent, belonged to this class. In Cleveland the 

 foreign-born formed 46.1 per cent, of the population; in Cincinnati but 

 17.8 per cent, were foreigners. It is also worthy of notice, in this con- 

 nection, that whereas about 37 per cent, of Cleveland's foreign-born 

 population were from southern Europe, in Cincinnati the same coun- 

 tries furnished only about 11 per cent, of the foreign-born inhabitants. 

 In 1903, 13,651 immigrants settled in Cleveland; and during the 

 same year there were 23 murders, 34 stabbing affrays, 45 shooting 

 affrays, 56 cutting affrays, while 131 persons were assaulted. In 1904, 

 over seven thousand immigrants arrived and settled in Cleveland, 

 among whom were 1,464 Italians, 1,098 Hungarians, 1,637 Poles, 826 

 Russians, 390 Slavonians, 133 Roumanians and 30 Croatians. During 

 this year there were 30 stabbing affrays, 51 shooting affrays, 6 murders, 

 91 cutting affrays, and 121 persons assaulted. As to how many of 

 these crimes were perpetrated by foreigners is not given in the police 

 statistics, but in his report the Chief of Police remarks that — " While 

 the records show a large number of the arrested to be of foreign birth, it 

 by no means follows that our foreign-born element is a criminal 

 element, but that our city is a cosmopolitan one and our extensive 

 manufacturing interests have drawn a large laboring class to the city." 

 In the report of the Chief of Police of Cincinnati, the number of 

 foreign-born among those arrested is given. The report for 1904 shows 

 that among the 7,135 white persons arrested in Cincinnati, 4,437, or 

 64.04 per cent, were foreigners, though the foreign-born in that city, 

 in 1900, formed but 18.61 per cent, of the white population. The 

 total number of persons arrested for murder during the year was 31. 

 In respect to other offenses, 68 were arraigned for ' cutting with intent 

 to kill'; 49 were arrested for ( shooting with intent to kill/ 

 There were also 146 arrests for 'cutting,' and 61 for ' shooting' a 

 fellow man (with what ' intent ' in these cases is not stated). While 

 a large proportion of these crimes of violence were undoubtedly com- 

 mitted by the foreign whites, it must also be taken into consideration 

 that Cincinnati has a large negro population, numbering, in 1900, 14,- 

 482 : and that while they comprised but 4.4 per cent, of the total 

 population, the number of negroes arrested during the year numbered 

 2,822, or 19.60 per cent, of the total population of the city. 



In the table given above showing the ratio of arrests for homicide 



