THE JEWS: RACE AND ENVIRONMENT 449 



Wales it was found, while taking the census of 1901, that of all mar- 

 ried Jews, 781 were married to Jewesses and 686, i. e., 87 per cent., 

 were married to christians. 3 



In the history of the Jews in the United States there are many 

 instances of intermarriage between Jews and christians, even in Co- 

 lonial times. According to Professor Hollander, the well-known ' Ye 

 Jew doctor,' Jacob Lumbrozo in Maryland married a christian woman 

 about 1660. 4 Dembitz shows that " there is no frequenter of the 

 synagogue who either lived in Kentucky or whose ancestors lived there 

 before 1836," and he gives as a cause that the early Jewish settlers dis- 

 appeared through intermarriage with christians " and the descendants 

 of the early Jewish settlers are known only by their Jewish family 

 names and their oriental ( ?) features." 5 One has to read detailed 

 accounts of several Jewish families in New York, Pennsylvania, Con- 

 necticut, Massachusetts, etc., to be convinced as to the extent of mixed 

 marriages in pre-revolutionary times. The Franks family is particu- 

 larly interesting: One daughter, Rebecca, married Sir Henry Johnson; 

 another, Mary or Polly, married Andrew Hamilton. 6 About New 

 York, M. J. Kohler says in his work ' Jewish Life in New York before 

 1800 ' that " several cases are at hand of intermarriage between Jews 

 and Jewesses to christians and occasional conversions to the prevailing 

 religion." 7 In the ' Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale 

 College/ Vol. II., 1763, two Jews are mentioned, one ' of Jewish ex- 

 traction ' who became a prominent citizen and one of the founders of 

 the episcopal church in Norwalk ; the other married a woman of French 

 Huguenot descent. In Ohio also all traces of the early Jewish settlers 

 have been lost. One is mentioned who was married ' out of his faith/ 

 but when he died, in 1821, he asked to be buried with Jewish rites. 8 

 Speaking of Judah P. Benjamin, of New Orleans, whose wife was a 

 devout catholic and whose daughter married Captain Henri de Bou- 

 signac, of the 117th regiment of the French line, Kohler says : " Such 

 intermarriage was, in 1833, not uncommon." A Jewish traveler in 

 New Orleans in 1842 speaks of the synagogue, which merely accom- 

 modated fifty persons, and a former " rabbi, a Dutchman, had married 

 a catholic wife, who with difficulty was restrained from sending a 

 crucifix to his grave at his burial." 



3 Census of N. S. W., 1901, Bull. No. 14. 



4 Public. Jewish Histor. Soc, I., p. 29. 

 6 Ibid., pp. 99-101. 



6 Westcott, ' Historic Mansions,' quoted from Publ. Jew. Histor. Soc, I., 

 pp. 57-58. 



"Ibid., II., p. 91. 



8 Ibid., VII., p. 43. 



9 Ibid., XII., pp. 68-69. 



vol. lxix. — ti9. 



