HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



189 



Samuel Woodward, the Norfolk Geologist. ! 

 — In these days, when it has become fashionable to I 

 glorify naturalists in humble life, we are glad to see j 

 that Mr. H. B. Woodward has contributed to the 

 Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society a " Memoir 

 of Samuel Woodward." This veteran geologist and 

 antiquary, who so enthusiastically worked at the 

 geology of Norfolk fifty years ago, when there were 

 plenty of suspicions and social persecutions prepared 

 for those who dared to follow the "stony science," 

 was the honoured father of " the Woodwards," who 

 have done so much for palaeontology, and the grand- 

 father of the writer of this capital and much required 

 memoir, himself a young geologist, who has already 

 "won his spurs." 



The Geological Survey and its Relations 

 TO Agriculture. — We are glad to see that Mr. 

 F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., has reprinted the address on the 

 above subject, recently delivered before the Ixworth 

 Farmers' Club, in the pamphlet form. It is a well- 

 considered essay, and should be read by all those 

 interested in agriculture. 



Fossils at Folkestone. — While spending a short 

 holiday at Folkestone, I enjoyed a very pleasant 

 time in searching for fossils in the gault, and found 

 the following specimens very abundant : — Ammonites 

 tuberculatus, A. splendens, Inoceramns sidcatus, 

 I. concentricus, Hamites, Nucula pectinata, Belemnites 

 Listera, Rostellaria, and many other rare but at 

 present unnamed specimens. I write this to 

 encourage any fond of collecting fossils to give 

 Folkestone a trial. There is a small local museum 

 and a capital free reading-room. On the Warren 

 may be found many rare species of plants, and in 

 the chalk there are also many interesting objects 

 for the microscopist. — E. E. 



Localities for Fossil Starfish. — Permit me to 

 add a note to the reference to Leintwardine in your 

 article (No. VII) on " Common British Fossils." Im- 

 primis, that village is nine (not six) miles from Ludlow. 

 The only locality where the starfish have been found 

 was a quarry on the top of Church Hill ; but the 

 stratum, or band, in which they occurred was very 

 thin ; about 9 inches, if I remember rightly ; and 

 it has been worked out as far as it could, without 

 encroaching on the fields. There is a large quarry 

 on Mocktree Hill, where the Lower Ludlow beds 

 join the Aymestry limestone, but only a small trace 

 of the starfish band has been found there. — E. B. 

 Kemp Welch. 



Localities for Fossil Starfish. — As you have 

 invited your geological correspondents to inform you 

 of localities where fossil starfish have been found, I 

 have much pleasure in placing upon record a quarry 

 at Rumney, about two miles from Cardiff, as a locality 

 where I have been fortunate enough to discover one 



of Pahvaster. The fossil is well preserved in a fine 

 grained yellowish sandstone belonging to the Upper 

 Silurian. I have only found this one specimen, nor 

 have I heard of other searchers being so fortunate as 

 myself, but I have no doubt careful searching would 

 be rewarded. — W. H. Harris. 



Localities for Fossil Starfish, &c— In 

 your last article on "Common British Fossils," &c, 

 (one of a series which I am very glad to see re- 

 commenced, and which I have read with much 

 interest) you ask for information concerning "any 

 fossil starfish locality." In the upper greensand 

 beds of Blackdown, in my immediate neighbourhood, 

 starfish have been found. Two such specimens are 

 to be seen in the Bristol Museum. They are, I think, 

 unnamed, but they are in good preservation. The 

 matrix in each case is a half prepared whetstone, for 

 which article the Blackdown beds have been exten- 

 sively quarried. The workmen tell me of several 

 such finds, which they have sold to private collectors. 

 They describe them as being " like a cart-wheel," 

 a description not accurate enough to warrant me in 

 saying whether they belong to the asteroid or ophiu- 

 roid order, though those in the Bristol Museum, 

 unless my memory greatly misleads me, belong to 

 the former. Starfish are by no means common in 

 the Blackdown beds, nor have I ever myself found 

 them there. — IV. Doivnes. 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Intelligence in Man and Animals. — Mr. 

 A. C. Rogers has retorted on me that my remarks on 

 this subject in your May number are more poetical 

 than scientific. I admit this, and my excuse is simply 

 that I considered the scientific part of this good- 

 natured "gossip" was safe in the hands of himself 

 and Messrs. Barclay, Wheatley, and Co., but thought 

 the impressions the correspondence had given to an 

 outsider, and a reminder of what some intellectual 

 (though I admit unscientific) minds had thought on 

 the subject, would not be out of place. Will you 

 kindly allow me now to mention what seems to me 

 difficult to understand in Mr. Wheatley's last letter. 

 He points out that monkeys, among other wonderful 

 things, listen to speeches from their leaders, and 

 attributes the reasoning power of man in part to 

 language. How is it that with this power of speech 

 in monkeys, added to all their wonderful primal im- 

 pulses (which Mr. Barclay mentions, and which 

 cannot be denied, and which enable them to act so 

 reasonably according to the necessities of their exist- 

 ence) they have not, and apparently never will for- 

 mulate the first rudiments of the science of language; 

 and if they have a language sufficient to " speechify " 

 for a long time, how do they get it without having in 

 some way formulated it ; except, as Mr. Barclay 

 says, from primal impulse ? It appears to me that 

 the difference in monkeys and men cannot in this 

 respect be attributed to the many thousands of years 

 Mr. Wheatley speaks of, in which man had the 

 opportunity of developing his powers, for I have yet 

 to learn that man appeared on the scene before 



