7 8 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



it only remains to add that the observance of moral requirements is 

 essential not only to physical well-being, but to the highest intellectual 

 development and happiness ; that, in fact, the pursuit of health and 

 the cultivation of morals are alike to be regarded only as means to 

 higher ends. It is obvious that the man of fine physique does not live 

 for the observance of the laws of hygiene merely, but he observes 

 hygienic laws as a necessary means of comfortable and wise living. So 

 neither does the upright man live merely for the observance of moral 

 laws, but he observes moral laws not only as the mode of living which 

 is alone endurable to him, but as essential to the full realization of 

 his best possibilities and powers as an intellectual and spiritual being. 

 Personal morality has, in fact, been defined as the highest degree of 

 psychical health. From this point of view it appears that as hygi- 

 enic laws are an expression of the most complete adjustment between 

 the physical life and its physical environment, so the moral law is an 

 expression of the most complete adjustment between the psychical 

 life and the social environment. 



The most difficult of ethical problems is regarded as that of unit- 

 ing the highest well-being of the individual with the greatest good of 

 society the reconciliation of an advantageous egoism with that degree 

 of altruism which the welfare of society demands ; but that there is 

 ultimately no antagonism between these two objects is evident when 

 we look deeply enough and broadly enough at the problem. The 

 definition of morality just given brings out the fact that individual 

 progress and the progress of society at large are inextricably associated 

 that we can not, if we would, separate ourselves from the great 

 world of humanity of which we form a part. 



Whoever, then, pursues a career which ministers to the welfare of 

 society as well as to his own individual good, contributes doubly to 

 the general progress. How conspicuously this applies to the medical 

 life (and in a far higher sense than is generally understood) it has 

 been my purpose to show this morning. May you pursue your chosen 

 work with all the devotion of heart naturally inspired by scientific 

 truth consecrated to the highest interests of humanity ! In contribut- 

 ing to these interests, your own personal aims can not fail of satisfac- 

 tory fulfillment. 



The first Roman emperor whose name marks a golden era in his- 

 tory is said to have claimed as his greatest triumph that, having found 

 Rome a city of sunburned brick, he should leave it a city of marble. 

 May your ambition as far exceed that of the great Roman as the 

 future city of Ethica will outvalue that world-renowned city of the 

 past ! May you contribute toward the glad appearing of this long- 

 sought paradise this city of our dreams whose foundations shall be 

 laid upon recognized natural laws ; whose streets shall be paved with 

 good intentions realized ; whose walls shall sparkle with the gems and 

 fine gold of virtuous and generous conduct ; and whose atmosphere 



