LITERARY NOTICES. 



275 



a book covering only a portion of psycholo- 

 gy in giving us his metaphysics as if estab- 

 lished by psychology generally. His work 

 presents only a part of the data, and uutil 

 he has gone over the whole ground he has 

 no business with ultimate questions. The 

 topic, " The Nature of Mind," is indeed in- 

 teresting, but it is greatly to be regretted 

 that Professer Ladd could not restrain him- 

 self from discussing it until the opportunity 

 was afforded in some clearly appropriate 

 connection. 



A Treatise on Surveying, comprising the 

 Theory and the Practice. By Will- 

 iam M. Gillespie, LL. D. Revised and 

 enlarged by Cady Staley, Ph. D. New 

 York: D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 549 and 

 127. Price, $3.50. 



Professor Gillespie's standard treatise 

 on " Land-Surveying," published in 1855, 

 was prepared with a view of producing " a 

 very plain introduction to the subject, easy 

 to be mastered by the young scholar or the 

 practical man of little previous acquirement, 

 the only prerequisites being arithmetic and 

 a little geometry ; and at the same time to 

 make the instruction of such a character as 

 to lay a foundation broad enough and deep 

 enough for the most complete superstruct- 

 ure which the professional student may sub- 

 sequently wish to raise upon it." A second 

 work, on " Leveling and Higher Survey- 

 ing," was left unfinished at the author's 

 death, but was completed by the editor of 

 the present volume, and published in 18*70. 

 These two works have now been revised 

 and combined by Dr. Staley. The general 

 divisions of the resulting treatise are land- 

 surveying, leveling, topography, triangular 

 surveying, hydrographical surveying, and 

 mining surveying. Somewhat more than 

 half of the body of the volume is occupied 

 with the first of these divisions, comprising 

 minute descriptions of instruments, direc- 

 tions for making measurements, keeping 

 field-notes, platting surveys, and practical 

 instruction in laying out, parting off, and di- 

 viding up land, including the methods used 

 in surveying the public lands of the United 

 States. In the section on leveling, spirit- 

 leveling receives most attention, and brief 

 accounts are given of the methods of trigo- 

 nometric and barometric leveling. Under 

 topography, modes of topographical repre- 



sentation arc abundantly illustrated, and the 

 use of the plane table is described. 



An Appendix is devoted to a synopsis of 

 plane trigonometry, and another takes up 

 certain theorems relating to transversals, 

 harmonic division, and the complete quad- 

 rilateral. Following these are an analytical 

 table of contents, traverse-tables, tables of 

 chords, logarithms, logarithmic sines, etc., 

 and natural sines, etc., a stadia table, and 

 a table of refraction in declination. The 

 volume contains abundant illustrations of 

 instruments and operations, and an isogonic 

 chart of the United States for lS85-'86. 



Social Studies. By R. Heber Newton, 

 New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 

 380. Price, $1. 



This is a collection of essays on social 

 questions, some of which appeared origi- 

 nally as articles in periodicals, while others 

 were prepared for special occasions ; thus, 

 three of them were read before the Church 

 Congress ; one before the United States 

 Senate Committee on Education and Labor ; 

 one at the annual banquet of the Chamber of 

 Commerce ; and one before the Free Relig- 

 ious Association. The titles arc: "ABird's- 

 Eye View of the Labor Question " ; " The 

 Story of Co-operative Production and Co- 

 operative Credit in the United States " ; " Is 

 the State just to the Workingman ? " " Old- 

 Time Guilds and Modern Commercial Asso- 

 ciations " ; " The Prevention of Intemper- 

 ance"; "Moral Education in the Public 

 Schools " ; " The Free Kindergarten in 

 Church Work " ; " The Religious Aspect of 

 Socialism " ; and " Communism. " 



The Westminster Review. Vol. 128, No. 

 1. April, 1887. London. Triibner & 

 Co. New York : The International News 

 Company. 



This Review, now in its sixty-fourth 

 year, with the current number makes a new 

 departure. Henceforth it will be issued 

 monthly, and various changes will be made 

 in the direction of suffusing the work with 

 fresh vigor and adapting it to altered con- 

 ditions of the reading public. Among other 

 things it promises to "give special atten- 

 tion to the literature of science," and that 

 " the exposition and discussion of scientific 

 subjects (which, in comparison with the 

 whole of the other departments of intellect- 



