612 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



3. It in a sort recognized, what is now known as the " elective 

 system," be it of mind or hand, for they are to work " at that Art, 

 Mystery, or Trade, that he or she most delighteth in." 4. The ne- 

 cessity of moral and religious training in public schools is asserted. 

 Matthew Arnold has recently reiterated the necessity of this, and no 

 doubt greatly astonished many of his readers, by asserting that he 

 finds to-day, in the public schools of Germany, a recognition of the 

 fitness and propriety of religious instruction and an enforcement of 

 the same, which can not be found either in England or the United 

 States. 5. A fostering policy by the State was urged. How? In 

 the very way that the great public-school system of our land has been 

 established. 6. No distinction was made between the rich and the 

 poor, the Indian's child and the Quaker's child. With a charity that 

 marked everything done by a Quaker, this education was to be the 

 priceless possession of all ; with the foresight which was equally char- 

 acteristic of the Quaker, he prophesied that these schools would be 

 in a measure self-supporting. In the light of to-day was this a false 

 presumption ? 



Lastly, how significant is the quotation from Yarenton, who is 

 styled by Dove, the " Father of English Political Economy" ! signifi- 

 cant, in that it reveals to us the food upon which our colonial states- 

 men fed ; also, because of the index-finger pointing to Germany, 

 from which so many modern educational ideas have sprung. 



Whether Budd was the first to suggest this system of co-education 

 of mind and hand in America, we do not know. He certainly must 

 have been among the first. Remembering that he was a colonial 

 statesman of West Jersey growth, this fact assumes added interest, 

 when it is recalled to mind that in all probability the first public 

 schools in this country to establish an industrial department were 

 those of Montclair, New Jersey, and they not until September, 1882, 

 nearly two hundred years after Budd's treatise appeared. 



A 



SOCIAL SUSTENANCE. 



Br HENRY J. PIIILFOTT. 

 III. SPECIALIZATION. 



GREAT scientific truth is expressed in the statement fre- 

 quently heard that all kinds of work tend to run into special- 

 ties. Specialization is the order of the day. The term specialty is 

 most frequently used in speaking of those sections into which the 

 practice of medicine has been divided ; but, in reality, we are all spe- 

 cialists. There is no more striking difference than this between our 

 industry and that of a tribe of savages, or of a swarm of bees. The 

 bees in a swarm are all engaged in the same few and simple operations. 

 One bee does not exclusively make wax and another honey. Perhaps 



