The type of student referred to by Dr. Butler is a good fellow, he 

 dresses well, has a generous allowance, belongs to a fraternity and tries 

 to " make " some varsity team ; he elects courses partly because they are 

 easy and partly because the instructor is popular; he spends much time 

 in social intercourse and athletics, and gets few high marks, mainly 

 because he does not try to get them. This is the student who smokes, 

 because he has the time, the money and the opportunities to indulge in 

 the practise. 



The non-smoker usually belongs to another type of student. He is 

 the scholar who is ambitious for rank. Many students of this type earn 

 part or all of their expenses by tutoring and other remunerative work; 

 many of them hold free scholarships and must maintain high rank in 

 their studies to retain them. Students of this type have little time for 

 athletic training or social life of fraternities, and therefore few oppor- 

 tunities and incentives for indulging in the practise of smoking. 



There are three points of interest brought out by this study : 



1. College students who acquired the smoking habit before entering 

 college are about eight months older at entrance than the non-smokers. 

 Three factors are probably responsible for this difference in age: (a) 

 all scientists who have studied the physiological effects of tobacco upon 

 man and animals are agreed that it has a depressing influence upon 

 the heart and circulation, also, that anything which interferes with 

 the vigor of the circulation has a retarding effect upon growth. It is 

 therefore possible that smoking may retard, both physical and mental 

 development; (b) the age seventeen is the time when most boys begin 

 to smoke, if for any reason a boy is older than the average when he 

 enters college, there is more than an even chance that he will have 

 acquired the smoking habit in the secondary school, and (c) the type 

 of student described above who is primarily interested in social life 

 and athletics, is found in secondary schools as well as in college; three 

 out of four of such students smoke, and they are usually graded low in 

 their studies, these facts would account for a higher average age among 

 entering freshmen who are smokers. 



2. The physical measurements of freshman smokers are slightly 

 above those of the non-smokers, and the smokers gain more than the 

 non-smokers during the first two years in college, except in lung capac- 

 ity. These figures are susceptible of misinterpretation unless three im- 

 portant facts are taken into consideration. (1) The smokers are 8 

 months older than the non-smokers; their measurements should be 

 slightly larger on that account. (2) It was shown that smokers belong 

 to a class of students having larger means and therefore a more favorable 

 physical environment — better nutrition, etc. — than the non-smokers; 

 their measurements should be larger on that account. (3) It was shown 

 that smokers participate in athletic exercises more than the non-smok- 



