ers; their measurements should be larger on that account. That the 

 smokers are not appreciably heavier, taller and stronger than the non- 

 smokers may be due to the depressing influence of nicotine on the cir- 

 culation and the consequent interference with normal growth. 



3. The scholarship standing of smokers is distinctly lower than that 

 of non-smokers. The intimate connection existing between the smoking 

 habit and participation in the social and athletic activities of college 

 life makes it impossible to determine how much, if any direct influence 

 the smoking habit exerts upon scholarship, but the results of this study 

 and the similar results obtained at Clark College indicate very clearly 

 that the smoking habit is closely associated with idleness and lack of 

 ambition for scholarly achievement. 



Conclusions. — The writer has no desire to defend the use of tobacco. 

 The motive in making this study was to ascertain the facts concerning 

 the effects of tobacco upon college men. The teaching of hygiene is 

 making rapid progress; quantities of new books are being published in 

 which the large volume of new scientific facts on nutrition, muscular 

 exercise, and the effects of alcohol take the place of the dogmatic state- 

 ments and easy moral of the old books; a similar change is desired in 

 the treatment of the problem of the effects of tobacco. 



A study of the literature on the effects of smoking, years of medical 

 examinations of boys and men, experience in teaching hygiene and the 

 results of this study have led the writer to the following conclusions : 



1. All scientists are agreed that the use of tobacco by adolescents 

 is injurious; parents, teachers and physicians should strive earnestly to 

 warn youths against its use. 



2. There is no scientific evidence that the moderate use of tobacco 

 by healthy mature men produces any beneficial or injurious physical 

 effects that can be measured. 



3. There is an abundance of evidence that tobacco produces injurious 

 effects on (a) certain individuals suffering from various nervous affec- 

 tions; (b) persons with an idiosyncrasy against tobacco; (c) all persons 

 who use it excessively. 



4. It has been shown conclusively in this study and also by Mr. 

 Clarke that the use of tobacco by college students is closely associated 

 with idleness, lack of ambition, lack of application, and low scholarship. 



