MEMBERS OF AMERICAN SOCIETIES 291 



Sciences are not easily grouped, since many are closely connected. 

 An approximate grouping of Table I. gives: geology, 20; zoology, 15; 

 astronomy, 15; physics, 14; chemistry, 13; physiology, 10; botany, 7; 

 miscellaneous, 11. Class A gives: geology, 7; zoology, 6; astronomy, 

 3; physics, 3; chemistry, 1; botany, 1. Table II. gives: astronomy, 9; 

 physics, 7 ; chemistry, 7 ; geology, 6 ; botany, 5 ; zoology, 3 ; physiology, 

 3; miscellaneous, 6. The large number of geologists and zoologists in 

 Table I., and especially in class A, is remarkable, and the reversion of 

 this condition in Table II. Of the 20 geologists in Table I. there is 

 only 1 mineralogist, while in Table II., of 6 geologists, there are 4 min- 

 eralogists. Table I. contains but 1 mathematician, while Table II. 

 contains 4. 



Important conclusions may be drawn from the order of election, but 

 the discussion is beset with unusual difficulties. A society which chose 

 members who were later elected into all the other societies would dis- 

 play remarkable skill. In class A, the number of members first elected 

 by the four societies is 2, 10, 8 and 1, respectively. But it is much 

 easier to become a resident than an associate, and 13 members were 

 elected as residents of the American Acadeny, and 2 of the New York 

 Academy. Omitting these, the numbers become 3, 0, 13 and 5. 

 Accordingly, the New York Academy appears to have shown extraor- 

 dinary skill in selecting early, men of such ability that later they were 

 chosen by all the other societies. This result is confirmed by the eight 

 foreigners who are members of all four societies. Four of these were 

 first elected by the New York Academy, in two cases before they were 

 elected by either of the seven leading European societies. The last col- 

 umn of Table II. shows that 32 men are members both of the European 

 and American societies; of these, 23 were first elected by a European 

 society, 6 by an American Society and 3 in the same year by both. 

 Of the 9 in the last two classes, 6 were chosen first by the American 

 Academy. 



The numbers elected in the different societies, during the last ten 

 years, differ greatly. Thus, for associates, we have from 1901 to 1905, 

 26, 15, and 20, and for 1906 to 1910, 17, 1, 1 and 13. For honorary 

 members no such differences occur, the numbers for 1901 to 1905 being 

 8, 11, 9 and 12, and for 1906 to 1910, 11, 5, 3 and 9. Only 2 honorary 

 members were elected into the National Academy before 1896, both in 

 1883. In the New York Academy, 11 associates were elected in 1876. 

 Of course all of these numbers relate only to the selected lists contained 

 in Tables I. and II. 



