528 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



the party emerged from the forest into the open country. The greatest 

 difficulty and peril was lack of food, which can not be carried in suffi- 

 cient quantities to sustain the entire journey. 



In January, 1909, a very important exploration was made by Gov- 

 ernor Bryant, escorted by Captain Hunt with a detachment of soldiers, 

 and accompanied by Mr. Murphy and Dr. M. L. Miller, chief of the 

 ethnological survey. The party left Dupah, January 7, and traversed 

 the wholly unknown country lying to the southwest. The course of 

 the wild gorge of the " Kaseknan " river, the head of the Kagayan, was 

 developed, several important communities of Ilongot were discovered 

 and visited without hostilities and the first knowledge obtained of 

 much of this region. After struggling for ten days with the difficulties 

 of jungle, ravine and densely covered mountains, the party reached 

 Baler on the Pacific coast. 



In May, 1909, the writer, accompanied by Lieutenant Coon and six 

 native soldiers, reached a small community of Ilongot east of Panta- 

 bangan, called " Patakgao." This community seemed to be composed 

 of renegades and outlaws from several other communities. Certainly 

 their hand was against every man. They were charged by a small 

 group of Ilongot living near Pantabangan with the murder of two of 

 their number a few weeks earlier and they themselves professed to be 

 harried and persecuted by unfriendly Ilongot to the north and east of 

 them. They had wounds to exhibit received in a chance fray a few days 

 before with a hunting party from near Baler. Altogether, their way- 

 ward and hazardous life was a most interesting exhibit of the anarchy 

 and retaliation that reign in primitive Malayan communities which are 

 totally " in want of a common judge with authority." A series of 

 measurements was obtained by me at Patagkao and vocabulary and 

 notes extended. 



With the above remarks as to what has been accomplished in throw- 

 ing light upon these people some description of them will be given. 

 For information of their location and condition I am indebted to 

 several others, and particularly to Mr. Murphy, otherwise the facts are 

 the results of my own investigation. 



Ilongot can not be said to live in villages, for their houses are not 

 closely grouped, but are scattered about within hallooing distance on 

 the slopes of canons where clearings have been made. Each little 

 locality has its name and is usually occupied by families with blood or 

 social ties between them, and several such localities within a few hours' 

 travel of one another form a friendly group. Outside of this group all 

 other Ilongot as well as all other peoples are blood enemies, to be 

 hunted, murdered and decapitated as occasion permits. 



The most considerable body of Ilongot appears to be those living 

 east of the towns of Nueva Vizcaya from Mount Palali south, along a 

 high-wooded range to the district of " Biruk," nearly east of Karanglan. 



