NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 383 



differing in almost every respect from Egypt. There the soil, 

 climate, and vegetation, luxuriant and varied, are eminently 

 suited for the development of terrestrial mollusca. 



In the southern portion of the country, about Jerusalem and 

 Hebron, the elegant Helix spiriplana (Olivier) is abundant, along 

 with H. melanosfoma, H. candidissima, H. virgata, and H. ccesareana 

 (Pam.) At the pools of Solomon,, between Bethlehem and 

 Hebron, Zonites Jebudtlca (Eoth.), Ghondrus ovulans (Lam.), Buli- 

 mus Sidoniensis (Charp.) occurred beneath stones. On the dry 

 hill-sides of Judsea, Helix Arahica (Roth.) is common, while the 

 scraggy and usually aromatic vegetation of these districts is 

 absolutely covered with Helix Syriacus (Elir.), and with its near 

 ally H. Olivieri (Fer). 



Tlie district around the base of Hermon (Jebel es Sheikh) is 

 well watered, and has abundance of natural wood, mollusca are 

 consequently plentiful. The large Bulimns lahrosus (Olivier) was 

 very common, and in crannies where it had hybernated, might be 

 gathered in dozens. Along with it were Bulimus curneiis (Pfr.), 

 B. Sijriacus (Pfr.), B. Sidoniensis (Charp). Large specimens of 

 Helix pomalia (Lin.) were also common, as well as the pyramidal 

 Helix elegans (Drap.), and the curious flattened Helix cariosa 

 (Olivier), with its eroded surface and large umbilicus. 



The streams and fountains of Palestine abound with mollusca. 

 In nearly all the springs, whether of sweet or brackish, cold or 

 warm water, Melanopsis praerosa and Neritina Michonii (both of 

 which have a black, smooth, and glossy epidermis) are to be met 

 with in profusion. Their development, however, was noticeably 

 affected by the character of the water. Thus, in the very cold 

 waters at the source of the Abana or Barada, near Damascus, they 

 were quite diminutive. At the sources of the Jordan, both at 

 Dan, Tel el Kady, and at Csesarea Phiiippi, Banias, they were 

 somewhat larger. In the sweet but tepid waters (72°) of the 

 fountain of Elisha (Ain es Sultan), at Jericho, they were consider- 

 ably more bulky; while in the hot and saline waters of the 

 streams at Ain et Taljigha, supposed to be Bethsaida, they 

 attained their largest development. Both species seem liable to 

 erosion of the spire, and that apparently wliether in sweet or 

 brackioli water. 



The two mollusca just mentioned seem confined to running 

 water. When the still waters of the lakes of Merom and Tiberias 



