ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN EUROPE. 65 



nographic museums of the world, with Pigorini as director and 

 Coligni as assistant. Two of these workers occupy unique posi- 

 tions. Prof. Paolo Mantegazza is President of the Anthropological 

 Society of Italy, editor of an anthropological journal, Director of 

 the National Museum of Ethnography and Anthropology, and pro- 

 fessor in the university. We mention these titles because they 

 suggest his work. Physical anthropology, man himself, is his 

 specialty. Mantegazza has traveled much and has written works 

 of value as a result such are his monograph upon the Lapps and 

 his work on India. But the books to which his fame is most due 

 are of a more general character. Such are his Physiology of 

 Pleasure, Physiology of Pain, and Physiognomy and Expression. 

 The latter has been published in America in English, and will give 

 a good idea of his style. His trilogy on love Physiology of Love, 

 Hygiene of Love, and Ethnography of Love has created a sen- 

 sation. The German translation of these has sold by tens of thou- 

 sands ; a similar success has attended the French edition ; and in 

 Italy they are seen everywhere. Mantegazza's mind is intensely 

 analytic. This is shown both in his writings and in his museum. 

 Nowhere else, so far as we know, is analysis applied to anthropo- 

 logical material. He divides it into groups illustrating: (1) Com- 

 parative anthropology, (2) biological anthropology, (3) artificial 

 deformations, (4) pathological anthropology, (5) psychological 

 anthropology, (6) ethnical anthropology. It must be confessed 

 that having divided his material in this way he makes no attempt 

 to arrange it afterward in the cases. In this museum, Prof. Man- 

 tegazza has upward of four thousand skulls, two thousand of which 

 are Italian. One of Mantegazza's latest ideas is a psychological 

 museum, in which, by objects, the workings of the mind are to be 

 illustrated. This museum has been begun, but it will be long be- 

 fore the plan can be fully developed. By profession Henry H. 

 Giglioli is a zoologist. In charge of the department of vertebrate 

 zoology at the University of Florence, his work in that line speaks 

 for itself. Interested in ethnography by a voyage he made around 

 the world, he has gathered a collection of stone implements un- 

 surpassed perhaps by any other private collection. The idea of 

 the series is not to illustrate the stone age of any one place or peo- 

 ple, but by carefully selected specimens from every part of the 

 world to show all types of stone implements. Prof. Giglioli has 

 also much interest in the persistence of the use of stone tools into 

 later culture stages. 



Paris epitomizes France, and certainly the character of French 

 work in anthropology is fairly shown if that of the capital is de- 

 scribed. Anthropology is more cultivated in Paris than anywhere 

 else in the world, and every department is there developed. The 

 ethnographic collections are at the Louvre, the Trocadero, and 



VOL. XLI. 6 



