72 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



gether, but in each class the variations from the same locality are 

 placed side by side, and the geographical distribution of the 

 various arts is shown by distribution maps. Special finds serving 

 to illustrate the correlation of the arts or of forms have been kept 

 together. The collection was begun in the year 1851, and has ac- 

 cumulated gradually." Only a few of the series displayed can be 

 mentioned the gun, from the matchlock up to the present (this 

 is the series, the working out of which by Colonel Lane Fox led to 

 the founding of the museum) ; origin of geometrical patterns ; de- 

 velopment of forms and ornament in pottery ; from the parry-stick 

 to the shield ; dress development ; fire-making devices ; etc. The 

 museum has grown to large proportions, and Mr. Balfour, the able 

 curator, is now overhauling and rearranging the whole. Prof. 

 Edward B. Tylor, who reads courses of lectures upon the His- 

 tory of Culture to Oxford students each year, has exerted a 

 vast influence upon anthropology, not only in Great Britain and 

 America, but also throughout Europe. His great works, Early 

 History of Mankind and Primitive Culture, and his remarkable 

 little Anthropology, have been to many workers their first in- 

 spiration. 



At Cambridge anthropological work is more recent than at 

 Oxford, but it is now on a good basis and must prosper under 

 Baron Anatole von Hiigel. The collections are in part prehistoric, 

 in part ethnographic. There is a very good local series of pre- 

 historics, some of the latest additions coming from excavations in 

 the immediate neighborhood of Cambridge almost on the very 

 grounds of the university. The chief ethnographic treasures are 

 the collections from Fiji, gathered by Baron von Hiigel himself, 

 which are unequaled. 



"We have aimed in this brief sketch to show where work in our 

 subject is done in Europe, to mention a few of the workers, and 

 to point out something of their methods and plans. 



Tiie Canadian Government is trying experiments on an extensive scale in the 

 cultivation of trees. At the Central Farm, near Ottawa, the seeds of Rocky 

 Mountain and European conifers have been liberally sown ; and in 1891 one hun- 

 dred and seventy-five thousand seedlings were transplanted from the beds, to be 

 distributed later on to branch farms and private experimenters, who are to send 

 in careful reports of progress. The Government also distributed one hundred 

 thousand forest-tree seedlings among one thousand applicants in the Northwest, 

 with instructions for planting and subsequent treatment. Twenty-five gardens 

 along the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway have been supplied from the 

 experimental farms. Speaking of the need of the application of forestry in the old 

 provinces, Mr. J. C. Chapais mentions whole regions as known to him which were 

 cleared by settlers who had to desert the land soon afterward because it was 

 worth nothing. Such districts, he adds, would have been so many inexhaustible 

 wood-reserves for future generations, but are to-day useless. 



