CAVE DWELLINGS OF MEN. 



29 



cave was examined year after year by scientific committees. The 

 findings were confirmed, and shown to be in place and so situated 

 as to forbid the supposition of the human remains being of more 

 recent origin than the accompanying deposits. Similar remains 

 have been found in many caves in all countries, and now consti- 



Fig. 1. Corinthian Tomb at Petra. 



tute only one among several kinds of evidences of man's glacial 

 and preglacial existence. A cave at Cravan, near Belfort, France, 

 appears to have been extensively used as a prehistoric burial- 

 place of the polished-stone period. It contained a number of 

 skeletons in such positions as suggested deliberate arrangement, 

 and with them were beautifully ornamented vases, polished-stone 

 bracelets, and a mat of plaited rushes. The cave of Marsoulas, in 

 the Haute-Garonne, France, was inhabited by man several times 

 during the palaeolithic age. The relics of what is designated as 

 the second occupation are interesting on account of the specimens 

 of artistic taste they afford. Besides the usual instruments of 

 silex, arrow-points, and the like, were found some peroxide of 

 manganese, which was probably used in tattooing, and engraved 

 designs ; a piece of bone adorned with a regular ornamentation, 

 engravings very much like those found in the valley of La Ve'zere ; 

 and a piece of rib having an ovibos (or musk ox) carved upon it, 

 in which, according to the Marquis de Nadaillac, the design is 

 treated with exact knowledge of anatomical forms, the relief is 

 brought out by shadings, and the drawing is vigorous. One of the 

 recent excursions of the French Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science took in its way the grottoes of Lamouroux and 

 Montrajoux, near Brive. The grottoes of Montrajoux are natural 

 and have been used as the abodes of shepherds' families since the 



VOT Xh 3 



